Three species of cultivated fungi of the genus Pleurotus, P. pulmonarius, P. sajor-caju, and P. ostreatus, were studied to determine the effect of different substrates on their production of fatty acids and secondary metabolites. It was discovered that the substrate had a marked influence on fungal composition by promoting the production of a more diverse variety of compounds or by increasing their content. Fungi cultivated on substrates containing cacao shells demonstrated an increased biosynthesis of triterpenoids with greater structural diversity. Their content, however, was less than that obtained using cereal residue substrates. The species P. ostreatus had the highest triterpenoid content, followed by P. pulmonarius and, finally, P. sajor-caju.

Two new compounds 1 and 2, together with the known sterols ergosterol, 5,6-dehydroergosterol, and ergosterol peroxide, and four polyoxygenated lanostanoid triterpenes named applanoxidic acid A (3), C (4), F (5), and G (6) were isolated from the fungus Ganoderma australe. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by means of spectroscopic techniques, while the known triterpenoids 3 ± 6 were identified by comparing their spectral data with those reported in the literature. Compounds 1 ± 6 inhibited the viability and growth of the HL-60 cell line.

Two new compounds 1 and 2, together with the known sterols ergosterol, 5,6‐dehydroergosterol, and ergosterol peroxide, and four polyoxygenated lanostanoid triterpenes named applanoxidic acid A (3), C (4), F (5), and G (6) were isolated from the fungus Ganoderma australe. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by means of spectroscopic techniques, while the known triterpenoids 3–6 were identified by comparing their spectral data with those reported in the literature. Compounds 1–6 inhibited the viability and growth of the HL‐60 cell line.

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From the ethyl acetate extract obtained from the methanol extract of the mushroom Pleurotus sajor-cajú, ten compounds conforming the triterpenic fraction were isolated by means of chromatographic techniques like CC and PTLC, and were identified by their MS as: Ergosta