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BackgroundPseudomonas koreensis have been reported as a pathogen in freshwater fish. Unlike environmental P. koreensis from soil, which has been studied extensively for its role in promoting plant growth, pathogenic P. koreensis from fish has been assessed only to a very limited extent. This is the first draft genome of P. koreensis CM-01 isolated from the internal organs of diseased Tor tambroides.ResultsHerein, we report the morphological and biochemical characteristics, as well as whole genome sequences of a newly identified P. koreensis strain. We achieved a high-quality draft genome of P. koreensis CM-01 with a N50 value of 233,601 bp and 99.5% BUSCO completeness. The total size of P. koreensis CM-01 genome contains 6,171,880 bp and has a G+C content of 60.5%. Besides, the genome sequence includes 5538 protein-coding genes, 3 rRNA genes, 54 tRNAs, and no plasmids were found. Besides these, 39 interspersed repeat and 141 tandem repeat sequences, 6 prophages, 51 genomic islands, 94 insertion sequences, 4 clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, 5 antibiotic-resistant genes, and 150 virulence genes were predicted in the P. koreensis CM-01 genome. In addition, the assembled CM-01 genome was successfully annotated against the Cluster of Orthologous Groups of proteins database, Gene Ontology database, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome pathway database. A comparative analysis of CM-01 with three representative strains of P. koreensis revealed that 92% of orthologous clusters were conserved among these four genomes, and only the CM-01 strain possesses unique elements related to pathogenicity and virulence.ConclusionsThis study provides fundamental phenotypic and genomic information for the newly identified P. koreensis strain. Further study will be necessary to fully understand any correlation between the bacteria and the occurrences of diseases in Tor tambroides.

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Shorea macrophylla belongs to the Shorea genus under the Dipterocarpaceae family. It is a woody tree that grows in the rainforest in Southeast Asia. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of S. macrophylla is reported here. The genomic size of S. macrophylla is 150,778 bp and it possesses a circular structure with conserved constitute regions of large single copy (LSC, 83,681 bp) and small single copy (SSC, 19,813 bp) regions, as well as a pair of inverted repeats with a length of 23,642 bp. It has 112 unique genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. The genome exhibits a similar GC content, gene order, structure, and codon usage when compared to previously reported chloroplast genomes from other plant species. The chloroplast genome of S. macrophylla contained 262 SSRs, the most prevalent of which was A/T, followed by AAT/ATT. Furthermore, the sequences contain 43 long repeat sequences, practically most of them are forward or palindrome type long repeats. The genome structure of S. macrophylla was compared to the genomic structures of closely related species from the same family, and eight mutational hotspots were discovered. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a close relationship between Shorea and Parashorea species, indicating that Shorea is not monophyletic. The complete chloroplast genome sequence analysis of S. macrophylla reported in this paper will contribute to further studies in molecular identification, genetic diversity, and phylogenetic research.

Shorea macrophylla is also named as ‘Engkabang’ (Iban), ‘Kawang’ (Brunei), and ‘Tengkawang’ (Indonesia). It belongs to the Dipterocarpaceae family and is categorised under the genus Shorea, which can be found in the tropical rainforests in Southeast Asia. It prefers wet habitats, such as in periodically flooded alluvium and riverbanks. The tree size of S. macrophylla is medium or large; however, some researchers in Kalimantan claim it is a small tree. The flowering and fruiting systems of most Dipterocarps, including S. macrophylla, are irregular, but there is a massive flowering event once every few years. Its genetic structure is characterised by moderate genetic diversity within species and populations, as well as high genetic differentiation within local populations. Shorea macrophylla, also known as the Light Red Meranti, is a suitable timber supply for light construction work. It produces illipe nuts that are widely used as cocoa butter replacer fat. Wildlife eats the ripe illipe nuts, which contain a high oil content with mostly beneficial unsaturated triglycerides. The fat extracted from the nut are suitable for cosmetic application as it provides a good moisturising effect. Future investigation into the illipe nuts’ composition and other potential uses should be carried out.