Children are brought up in diverse yet specific physical and social environments formally regarded as preschool centres; they are engaged from preschool age in activities where their development is affected by an array of social factors. Some of these factors are natural while some are measures of external circumstances, which if neglected may endanger proper child care, learning and development at the early years. As the child's age stands as one of such natural factors that can't be tampered with, literatures from Nigeria researches mostly give account of it from either an underage or age appropriate perspective, little is known or revealed on the state of overage children in preschools. With developmentally appropriate practices in mind, this study therefore investigated the experiences of overage children in preschool centres with respect to the suitability of their physical environment, peer interaction as well as the kind of interaction between these children and their teachers. In answering the research question, a qualitative research design was staged. The qualitative data collection adopted a phenomenological approach where experiences of respondents and other features were examined qualitatively. Twelve ( 12) overage pupils from 6 preschool centres in Ibadan were interviewed through conversational key informant interview. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and were presented alongside field notes from research assistants using a thematic analysis. Findings had it that children in rural setting were of the view that their teachers do not interact with them so well, urban pre-primary schools children claimed that their teachers played with them as most of them also have nick names given to them by their teachers. Caregivers as well as preschool administrators should therefore ensure that provisions and daily activities within the school system is geared towards the development of the whole child such that no child is left behind regardless educational dilatory experience.

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Learning in the early years of life is not just an intra-personal effort of the child alone; rather, it involves the interplay of several social factors, which can affect a child’s development. However, literature that considered and presented these factors as obtainable within preschools mostly revealed their facts and figures in a single story of either urban or rural preschools, cheering an uneven intervention from developmental agencies afterward. This study sought to provide an empirical comparison of the state of preschool resources in Ibadan rural and urban communities. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The population includes public preschool centers in Ibadan. A proportionate stratified sampling technique was used to select 20% of the preschools from two selected local governments of Ibadan which represent the urban and rural communities. A total sample of 33 preschools was used. Data was collected using Pre-primary School Resources Availability Checklist (PREPSRAC, r = 0.89). Findings were that classroom resources are more available in urban preschools compared to rural pre-primary schools of Ibadan contrary to generalized remarks. Equity rather than equality of resources distribution is therefore recommended as a way of discontinuing the danger of a single story in pre-primary education for promoting equal learning.

The characteristics of teacher-child interaction play a paramount role in the cognitive development of children. Despite its significance, literature abounds on how these characteristics, such as teachers' actions, words, gestures, and responsibilities, may improve or deter children’s development (Grosse, 2022; Bartholo et al., 2022). Thus, this study was carried out to contribute to the body of knowledge, particularly taking into account preschools from a developing nation such as Nigeria. It sought to establish the extent and influence of teacher-child interaction on the cognitive development of pre-primary children in the Ibadan metropolis. The study employed a correlational survey design. A multi-stage approach was used for sampling and sampling. The total sample size for the study was 200, which comprised 50 pre-primary class teachers and 150 pre-primary school children. Two research questions were raised and answered. Teacher-Child Interaction Observation Schedule (TCIOS) = 0.72, Child Cognitive Development Rating Scale (CCDRaS) = 0.79, and Questionnaire on Teacher’s Perception of Teacher-Child Interaction on Cognitive Development (QTPTCICD) = 0.80 were the instruments used for the study. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The result of the findings revealed that the extent of teacher-child interaction and level of cognitive development was great with = 3.41and  = 3.61, respectively, as well as the teachers' perceived influence on teacher-child interaction on cognitive development, was positive (  = 3.16). Although the finding showed no significant relationship between teacher-child interaction and cognitive development (r=0.01; p>0.05), it is recommended that teachers, however, should maintain the positive, quality interaction that characterizes preschool teaching, which may resonate with other uniqueness and educational needs of the child.