Lima bean plants showing mosaic and leaf distortion symptoms, similar to those induced by viruses, were observed in several production areas in the states of Ceará and Piauí, Northeastern Brazil. The aim of this study was to identify RNA genome viruses that infect lima bean. Field research was conducted from 2017 to 2018. Fifty-five symptomatic samples were randomly collected from seven properties in five municipalities and tested by RT-PCR and DNA sequencing with specific or universal primers for two viruses and two virus groups. Four virus species were identified: cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV), cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) and cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV), which had infection levels of 21.8, 52.7, 47.2, and 1.8%, respectively, as well as double and triple infections. The CMV isolates belonged to subgroup IA. The CPMMV isolates had high nucleotide identity with CPMMV isolates from Brazil, USA and Mexico. The CABMV isolates showed moderate nucleotide identity with Brazilian isolates. Only one sample was infected with CPSMV. This is the first record of CPMMV and CPSMV naturally infecting lima bean. Approaches to virus control are discussed.

Potyvirus can cause losses in several important crops worldwide. This study describes the identification of a potyvirus infecting Jack bean plants and causing severe mosaic in Piauí state, Brazil. The virus reproduced original symptoms in mechanically inoculated Jack bean plants. Further molecular and transmission electron microscopy assays enabled the identification of the causal virus as Yambean mosaic virus (YBMV). To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to describe YBMV in Brazil.

A antracnose causada pelo fungo Colletotrichum musae é considerada das mais importantes moléstias em frutos de banana. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do óleo fixo de pinhão bravo no controle in vitro de C. musae, em diferentes concentrações e metodologias de aplicação. O fungo foi isolado de frutos de bananeira, cultivado em meio de cultura Batata-Dextrose-Ágar (B.D.A). O experimento conduzido em esquema fatorial com 2 fatores (3 métodos de aplicação e 3 concentrações + 2 testemunhas), com sete repetições. Os métodos de aplicação foram: incorporação do óleo ao meio de cultura fundente; distribuição do óleo no meio de cultura solidificado e distribuição do óleo em papel filtro, fixado na parte interna da tampa da placa de Petri. As concentrações do óleo utilizadas foram: 0,1; 1 e 10%. As testemunhas foram: testemunha absoluta (sem óleo e sem fungicida) e testemunha relativa (sem óleo e com fungicida). O óleo testado em todas as concentrações e métodos de aplicação foi diluído em Tween 80. Diariamente, por dez dias foi medido o crescimento radial em centímetros do micélio do fungo. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os tratamentos 1, 2, 5, 7, 8 e 11 proporcionaram maior inibição do crescimento micelial de C. musae e foram estatisticamente iguais entre si. O óleo fixo de pinhão bravo pode ser usado como medida alternativa de controle de C. musae em substituição aos pesticidas químicos.

This work aimed to analyze the sanitary quality of stored corn grains, through the "Blottertest" and use of the water restriction technique. The experiment was carried out using a completely randomized design (D.I.C.) with 10 treatments and 24 repetitions, in which each repetition consisted of a Petri dish with 8 seeds/plate. The treatments were submitted to NaCl and KCl solution at restriction levels (-0.6; -0.7; -0.8 and -0.9 Mpa), freezing and control. The seeds were distributed in plastic Petri dishes (a total of eight/plate), measuring 90x15mm in diameter, containing three layers of filter paper soaked in the aforementioned solutions. These remained at a temperature of 25°C±2, for a period of 7 days, and were later analyzed for percentage of germination, radicle length and associated fungi, under a stereoscopic and optical microscope. The incidence of the fungal genera Colletotrichum sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Rhyzopus sp., Cladosporium sp., Bipolaris sp., Curvularia sp. and Fusarium sp. The genera with the highest incidence were Colletotrichum sp. (88.6%), Penicillium sp. (4.7%) and Aspergillus sp.(2.5%). The control treatment had the lowest average incidence rate in relation to the water restriction treatment. The lowest percentage of germination (1%) was obtained in the freezing treatment, which provided 9.5% of incidence of fungal genera. The greatest diversity of fungi was observed in the NaCL and KCl treatments (-0.9 Mpa), the same treatments provided the greatest inhibition of germination and radicle emission.

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