No abstract

Cirebon has 18 rivers that flow into the Java Sea. The Cirebon rivers play an important role in several sectors such as industrial, agriculture, household, and also aquaculture. The increasing anthropogenic activities, may have affected the health and quality of the Cirebon rivers and the surrounding area. This study aimed to determine the water pollution level of Cirebon rivers based on the Storage and Retrieval (STORET) and Pollution Index approaches. The study was conducted at seven different rivers located in the districts (kabupaten) and municipals (kotamadya) of Cirebon. The observation was performed during the end of the west monsoon (March 2019) as well as the beginning (July 2019) and the end of the east monsoon (November 2019). The STORET score of the Cirebon district rivers were between -10 and -20, which is categorized as lightly to moderately polluted. Similarly, most of the Cirebon municipal rivers were moderately contaminated throughout the year (-18 to -30). In contrast, the Pollution Index (PI) values of all observed rivers were between 1.0 to 5.0 which are categorized as lightly polluted.

The purpose of this study is to study the prevalence of aflatoxin B1 in commercial dried salted fish and other related information. A total of 150 samples were classified into 3 groups, based on the salt content. Low salt content (0-5%) were dried anchovies (Stolephorus sp.) and commerson's anchovy (Stolephorus commersonii); moderate salt content (6-10%) were medan anchovy (Stolephorus bataviensis) and whipfin silverbiddy (Gerres filamentosus) while high salt content (>10%) were moonlight gouramy (Trichogaster microlepis) and snakehead fish (Channa striata). The samples were collected from different seller in Java Island and then determined for Aspergillus flavus, Aflatoxin B1, salt content, moisture content, pH, water activity and total mold count. Results showed that dried salted fish were contaminated with A. flavus at temperature of 25.2-32.2 o C, 65-84% humidity, 17-50% moisture content, 0.25-19.88% salt content, and 0.73-0.86 a w . The prevalence of A. flavus in dried salted fish was 9.33% (14/150) and the prevalence of aflatoxin B1 was 8% (12/150) with detectable concentrations of 10.71-33.6 ppb.

This study aims to determine the probability of Aflatoxin B1 exposure from Aspergillus flavus in dried salted fish. The exposure of that may cause a health problems to consumers. The collecting of salted fish was conducted in several areas in Java Island, which were Tangerang, Bandung, Cirebon, Pelabuhan Ratu, Tegal, Cilacap, Banyuwangi and Tuban. Isolation and identification of Aspergillus flavus was conducted by using pour plate method on  Aspergillus Flavus Parasiticus Agar (AFPA)  media. Meanwhile, Measurement of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) content had been done by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). On the other hand, the occurence probability of Aflatoxin B1 risk from Aspergillus flavus was calculated by statistical probabilistic approach in @risk version 7.0 software with Monte Carlo simulation. The results of this study showed that in the consumption of salted fish for about 3.7 g/capita/day, it is probable that there are risk of 7.74 cfu/g A. flavus exposure and 0.7291 ppb aflatoxin B1 exposure in 1 g of salted fish that were taken from sampling locations.  This value is still catagorized as low risk level

Contamination by dangerous heavy metal in the estuarine environment has risen with concern to the safety of coastal fish as seafood. Anthropogenic emission in the coastal areas becomes the primary source of heavy metal pollution in the aquatic environment, which then accumulates in fish species. Therefore, marine fish has a potency to be used as a bioindicator for heavy metals contamination in the coastal environment, since it may vary, as the results of marine hydrodynamics. This research presents seasonal variations (west monsoon, east monsoon, and intermediate monsoon) of heavy metals accumulation in fish from the coastal region of Cirebon, Indonesia. Three types of economic fish (Scatopagus argus, Siganus canaliculatus, and Nibea albifor) were taken, and the heavy metals (Cr, Co, Cu, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) content were examined by inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results showed a significant difference (p<0.05) of seasonal variation of heavy metals concentration in seawater and sediment. The contamination in seawater was higher during the east monsoon season, while the contamination in sediment was higher during the west monsoon season. The observation was also revealed variation on heavy metals accumulation in fish species. However, this study found no significant correlation (p>0.05) between the concentration of heavy metals in the environment and fish. Consequently, precaution is needed when using fish as a bioindicator for heavy metals contamination in coastal environments.