Aim: Our objective was to evaluate the effect of bypass nutrients i.e. bypass lysine, methionine and fat on growth and nutritional efficiency in growing Jaffrabadi buffalo heifers aged 21 to 27 months.Materials and Methods: Twenty buffalo heifers were divided into four groups of equal number: control group (T1), bypass fat supplementation (T2), bypass lysine and methionine supplementation (T3) and bypass lysine, methionine and fat supplementation (T4). The feeds were analyzed for proximate constituents. Body measurements (body length, body height, heart girth, body girth, pelvic length and pelvic width) as well as body weights (kg) of individual animals were recorded at the beginning and thereafter at every fifteen day interval throughout the experimental period. Feed conversion ratio was determined in terms of dry matter required per kg gain in body weight under different treatments.Results: The total weight gain and average daily body weight gain during the experiment was highest in T4 followed by T2, which differed significantly (P<0.05) from that of T1. Biometric changes were uniform in all the experimental groups and the changes were positive. Heifers under the present experimental condition, gained biometry considerably though not significantly. Treatment differences were significant (P<0.05) for average value of percent dry matter intake but no significant differences were found between treatments for average daily dry matter intake and dry matter intake per kg metabolic body weight. The efficiency of feed utilization was best in T4 followed by T2, T3 and T1 groups but the treatment differences were statistically non significant (P>0.05). Conclusion:Incorporation of bypass nutrients (lysine, methionine and fat) in the ration of growing Jaffrabadi heifers improved live weight gain, dry matter intake (kg/day), dry matter intake per kg metabolic weight and feed conversion ratio (DMI/kg body weight gain).

As per the World Health Organization (WHO) and Global Hunger Index, the incidence of malnutrition and Vitamin-A deficiency in preschool-age children is higher in South-East Asian countries. Therefore, this study was envisaged to formulate value-added flavoured buffalo milk and to carry out the sensory evaluation, nutritional analysis, storage characteristics and total carotene content of the developed product. Flavoured buffalo milk was prepared by incorporation of Cucurbita pepo (Pumpkin) pulp and ground sugar at a concentration of 15% and 10%, respectively. The formulation was found preeminent by panellists and then subjected to nutritional analysis and storage studies at room temperature following “in bottle heat treatment”. Nutritional analysis revealed that the protein, fat, total carbohydrates, total ash and moisture content of pumpkin flavoured buffalo milk were 3.07%, 5.21%, 12.63%, 0.61% and 78.48%, respectively. The storage study of flavoured buffalo milk showed a significantly (p < 0.05) declined score in colour and appearance as well as flavour only after day 90. The overall acceptability score also declined significantly (p < 0.05) after day 60 of storage. Though the sensory score declined gradually during the storage period, the product was liked by the panellist even till day 180. The carotene content of pumpkin flavoured buffalo milk was 1.2 mg/100 g at day 0 and it decreased significantly as storage prolongs. The nutritional components were not affected significantly during the 180 days storage period. Standard plate counts, coliform counts as well as yeast and mould counts were not detected during storage of pumpkin flavoured buffalo milk.

Aim: Our objective was to estimate in-vitro gas production from dry jowar fodder added with different concentrations of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFEs) like neutral cellulase and fungal xylanase. Materials and Methods:34 different samples of dry jowar fodder were prepared according to different concentrations of neutral cellulase, fungal xylanase and neutral cellulase + fungal xylanase (1:1). Sample not containing any enzymes was considered as the control group. These 34 samples were subjected to further in vitro gas production analysis.Results: Statistically, significantly higher (P<0.05) potential gas production was recorded for 0.7 % at 6 hr period, 0.7 % at 12 hr period, 0.7 %, 0.8 % at 18 hr period and 0.7 %, 0.8 % at 24 hr period in the samples treated with neutral cellulase. Significantly higher potential gas production was recorded for 0.5 %, 0.8 % at 6 hr period, 0.5 %, 0.6 %, 0.8 % at 12 hr period, 0.8 % at 18 hr period and 0.5 %, 0.6 %, 0.8 % at 24 hr period in the samples treated with fungal xylanase. Significantly higher potential gas production was recorded for 0.6 %, 0.6 %, 0.8 % at 6 hr period, 0.6 %, 0.8 % at 12 hr period, 0.6 %, 0.8 % at 18 hr period and 0.6 %, 0.8 % at 24 hr period in the samples treated with mixture of neutral cellulase + fungal xylanase (1:1). Conclusion:Addition of neutral cellulase and fungal xylanase into the samples of dry jowar fodder increased in vitro total potential gas production. EFEs increase substrate degradation and there by improve the nutritive value of dry jowar fodder.

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