SUMMARY From a clinical, radiological and morphological study of 9 horses with congenital malformations of the occiput, atlas and axis, and from a study of 2 reported cases, 3 diseases were defined: Familial occipitalisation of the atlas with atlantalisation of the axis in Arabian horses (7 cases in this report and the case reported by Leipold, et al., 1974). These horses had congenital atlanto‐occipital fusion, hypoplasia of the atlas and dens, malformation of the axis and modification of the atlantoaxial joint. Congenital asymmetrical occipitoatlantoaxial malformation (2 cases in this report). A Standardred and a Morgan horse had atlantooccipital fusion, a wedge shaped vertebral piece attached to the caudal end of the axis and sigmoid scoliosis of the cervical vertebrae. Asymmetrical atlantooccipital fusion (the case reported by Schmaltz, 1915). This horse of an unknown breed had asymmetrical fusion between the atlas and occiput and cervical scoliosis. The clinical syndromes shown by horses with these malformations were variable but were broadly classified as: Foal dead at birth, seen in one foal with A. Tetraparesis at birth, seen in 5 foals with A. These foals were born with signs varying from tetraparesis to tetraplegia. Progressive ataxia, seen in 2 foals with A. Clinical signs were due to a progressive focal cervical compressive myelopathy. Congenital cervical scoliosis/deviated head, seen in the 2 horses with B and the horse with C. These horses had no signs of spinal cord or brain disease. The diagnoses were made clinically by palpation of the occipitoatlantoaxial region and were confirmed radiographically and/or by post mortem examination in all except one case. Pedigree analysis showed the familial nature of the particular occipitoatlantoaxial malformation seen in horses of only the Arabian breed. RÉSUMÉ Une étude clinique, radiologique et morphologique de 9 chevaux présentant des malformations congénitales de l'occiput, de l'atlas et de l'axis a été faite. On y ajoute deux cas décrits par ailleurs. On en déduit trois entités morbides différentes: L'occipitalisation familiale de l'atlas et de l'atlantisation de l'axis telle qu'elle existe chez le cheval arabe (7 des neufs cas exposés dans cet article auquel il convient d'ajouter le cas cité par LEIPOLD en 1974).Ces chevaux présentaient une fusion occipito‐atloidienne, une hypophasie de l'atlas et une malformation de l'axis avec modification de l'articulation atloido‐axiale. Une malformation congénitale asymétrique occipito‐atloidienne (2 cas rapportés par cet article).Un Standardbred et un Morgan montraient une fusion occipito atloidienne, une pièce vertébrale en coin à l'extrémité caudale de l'axis et une scoliose sigmoide des vertèbres cervicales. La fusion occipito atloidienne (cas rapporté par SCHMALTZ en 1925). Ce cheval de race inconnue présentait une fusion occipito atloidienne et une scoliose cervicale. Les signes cliniques accompagnant ces malformations étaient variables: foal mort né (un cas appartenant au groupe A). paré...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.