‘Grasslands Puna’ chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a perennial taprooted herb that shows potential to produce high yields of palatable forage for ruminants. Our objective was to determine management effects on herbage production and quality, and stand persistence. Chicory and ‘Pennlate’ orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were established on Hagerstown silt loam (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf) soil at Rock Springs, PA. Treatments were intensive, moderate, and lenient management, corresponding to 25‐, 37‐, and 50‐cm chicory canopy height at harvest, with N fertilizer applied after each harvest except the last. The experimental design was a 2 × 3 (species × managements) factorial with five replications. Total yields of forage averaged 9A Mg ha−1 for chicory and 7.9 Mg ha−1 for orchardgrass in 1992 and 1993. Management did not affect total yield of chicory the first harvest year, nor that of orchardgrass in either year. Chicory yield was greatest from plants under lenient management the second year. Mean crude protein concentration in chicory and orchardgrass was 200 g kg−1 and 185 g kg −1 respectively, but both species showed a potential to accumulate concentrations greater than 250 g kg−1. Low concentrations (110 g kg−1) were associated with floral stem production. Chicory herbage had higher concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, and Zn, than did orchardgrass. Our results show that Grasslands Puna can withstand a range of defoliation intensities while maintaining excellent productivity.

Production of cool-season (C 3 ) herbage generally is low in summer and fall in the humid eastern USA. This study was conducted to determine the yields and pest problems of spring-sown turnip, Brassica rapa L.; swede, B. napus L.; rape, B. napus L.; interspecific crosses between chinese cabbage, B. campestris sensulato L., and turnip or rape; or kale, B. oleracea L., that were stockpiled. The crops were no-till seeded (turnip and swede at 1.4 kg ha-•, rape, the hybrids, and kale at 4.2 kg ha -•) into mature alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-grass stands. Prior to seeding, the sod was treated with isopropylamine salt of N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine at 1.1 kg a.i. ha-•. The study was made in central Pennsylvania on Hagerstown silt loam (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalfs) soil in 1979 and 1980 and on Hublersburg silt loam (clayey, illitic, mesic Typic Hapludults) soil in 1981. Dry matter yield determinations were made sequentially at 30-day intervals from 60 to ISO days post-seeding. Fertilizer (P and K) was applied according to soil test results and 80 kg N ha-1 was applied at seeding and 70 kg N ha-• between the 60-and 90-day sampling dates. Three-year mean dry matter yields for 13 of 19 cultivars exceeded 7.0 Mg ha-• 90 days post-seeding. Yields plateaued from 80 to 160 days depending on plant species, cultivar, and year. Cultivar (across species) X sampling date, turnip cultivar X year, and swede, rape, and kale sampling date X year interactions were significant for yield. Incidence of plant diseases was positively related to slowing of growth at physiological maturity. Some New Zealand turnip and rape cultivars were more resistant to flea beetle [Phyllotreta cruciferae Goeze and P. striolata (Fab.)l than

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