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There is a relative disincentive for surgeons to treat publicly-insured patients, while there is an incentive for hospitals to treat those patients. The converse is true for the privately-insured patients. This dichotomy will impede the development of new centers and place greater burden on bariatric surgeons to reduce cost by performing the open RYGBP.

INTRODUCTIONThe injector for the Boeing 120 MeV L-band RF linac was designed to produce 400 Amp peak current electron beam pulses with minimal emittance growth. PARMELA [l], a mostly three-dimensional matrix ray trace code with a two-dimensional space charge model, was used to determine the optimum setting of the injector elements for tuning purposes. The injector model predictions were used to tune the injector with very good agreement between the model and the experiment.

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The luminous events produced by a drifting relativistic electron beam (REB) (1–2 MeV, 100 kA, 40 nsec) have been photographed with an image converter of 5-nsec gate time. Coupled with a transmission spectrograph, time-gated snapshots (1 μsec) of the spectra have been recorded. For air pressure between 0.1 and 0.3 Torr, the beam is self-focused and it yields a spark spectrum containing mainly N+, with some O+ and N++ lines. In 0.8–1 Torr of air, the beam is unfocused and it yields the N2 (B←C) but not the (A←B) bands. In the presence of a target, the unfocused beam may again produce an air breakdown. A slitless spectrum then yields a two-dimensional image of the event, which may be related to the spatial distribution of the beam. The results are discussed in connection with REB and ion acceleration research. In addition, Lichtenberg-type discharge tracks in a Plexiglas disk irradiated by 2-MeV beams are photographed and compared with the fluorescence lifetime of the N2 (B←C) bands.