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Extensions of the interface dynamo model of Parker are considered through two-dimensional numerical simulations in spherical geometry. In the interface model, the production of the poloidal and toroidal components of the magnetic Ðeld occur in two separate regions coupled by di †usion. A large discontinuous jump in the di †usivity at the interface allows the production of a sufficiently strong toroidal magnetic Ðeld in the lower region while avoiding the difficulty of alpha quenching. When the rotation rate is assumed to vary only radially, dynamo waves that closely resemble the analytical solutions in Cartesian geometry found by Parker are found propagating along the interface. However, when a Ðt to the solar rotation proÐleÈas determined from helioseismology, with both latitudinal and radial dependenceÈis included, no fully satisfactory solar-like oscillatory solutions are found. For an appropriately large di †u-sivity contrast, only steady modes are found for negative dynamo number, and only purely decaying solutions are found for positive dynamo number. Here the e †ect of the latitudinal variation of rotation is to suppress the oscillatory interface modes driven by the radial shear. Oscillatory solutions can be found for a small di †usivity contrast, but these solutions have Ðeld strengths that are too low for the solar case. The hybrid mode of Charbonneau & MacGregor found from similar calculations is shown to result from an incorrect boundary condition imposed at the interface and thus is not a valid solution.

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Objectives We describe the evaluation of a system to create hospital progress notes using voice and electronic health record integration to determine if note timeliness, quality, and physician satisfaction are improved. Materials and methods We conducted a randomized controlled trial to measure effects of this new method of writing inpatient progress notes, which evolved over time, on important outcomes. Results Intervention subjects created 709 notes and control subjects created 1143 notes. When adjusting for clustering by provider and secular trends, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in the time between when patients were seen on rounds and when progress notes were viewable by others (95% confidence interval −106.9 to 12.2 min). There were no significant differences in physician satisfaction or note quality between intervention and control. Discussion Though we did not find support for the superiority of this system (Voice-Generated Enhanced Electronic Note System [VGEENS]) for our 3 primary outcomes, if notes are created using voice during or soon after rounds they are available within 10 min. Shortcomings that likely influenced subject satisfaction include the early state of our VGEENS and the short interval for system development before the randomized trial began. Conclusion VGEENS permits voice dictation on rounds to create progress notes and can reduce delay in note availability and may reduce dependence on copy/paste within notes. Timing of dictation determines when notes are available. Capturing notes in near-real-time has potential to apply NLP and decision support sooner than when notes are typed later in the day, and to improve note accuracy.