Previous data suggest that apolipoprotein (apo) CIII may inhibit both triglyceride hydrolysis by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and apo E-mediated uptake of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by the liver. We studied apo B metabolism in very low density (VLDL), intermediate density (IDL), and low density lipoproteins (LDL) in two sisters with apo CiII-apo AI deficiency. The subjects had reduced levels of VLDL triglyceride, normal LDL cholesterol, and near absence of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Compartmental analysis of the kinetics of apo B metabolism after injection of '"I-VLDL and 131I-LDL revealed fractional catabolic rates (FCR) for VLDL apo B that were six to seven times faster than normal. Simultaneous injection of V3Hjglycerol demonstrated rapid catabolism of VLDL triglyceride. VLDL apo B was rapidly and efficiently converted to IDL and LDL. The FCR for LDL apo B was normal.In vitro experiments indicated that, although sera from the apo CII-apo-AI deficient patients were able to normally activate purified LPL, increasing volumes of these sera did not result in the progressive inhibition of LPL activity demonstrable with normal sera. Addition of purified apo CIII to the deficient sera resulted in 20-50% reductions in maximal LPL activity compared with levels of activity attained with the same volumes of the native, deficient sera. These in vitro studies, together with the in vivo results, indicate that in normal subjects apo CIII can inhibit the catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by lipoprotein lipase.

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To evaluate the effects of behavioral interventions on the sleep/wakefulness of infants, parent and infant stress, and later child emotional/behavioral problems, and parent-child attachment. METHODS:A total of 43 infants (6-16 months, 63% girls) were randomized to receive either graduated extinction (n = 14), bedtime fading (n = 15), or sleep education control (n = 14). Sleep measures included parent-reported sleep diaries and infant actigraphy. Infant stress was measured via morning and afternoon salivary cortisol sampling, and mothers' self-reported mood and stress. Twelve months after intervention, mothers completed assessments of children's emotional and behavioral problems, and mother-child dyads underwent the strange situation procedure to evaluate parent-child attachment.RESULTS: Significant interactions were found for sleep latency (P < .05), number of awakenings (P < .0001), and wake after sleep onset (P = .01), with large decreases in sleep latency for graduated extinction and bedtime fading groups, and large decreases in number of awakenings and wake after sleep onset for the graduated extinction group. Salivary cortisol showed small-to-moderate declines in graduated extinction and bedtime fading groups compared with controls. Mothers' stress showed small-to-moderate decreases for the graduated extinction and bedtime fading conditions over the first month, yet no differences in mood were detected. At the 12-month follow-up, no significant differences were found in emotional and behavioral problems, and no significant differences in secureinsecure attachment styles between groups.CONCLUSIONS: Both graduated extinction and bedtime fading provide significant sleep benefits above control, yet convey no adverse stress responses or long-term effects on parent-child attachment or child emotions and behavior. Women's and Children's Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia Dr Gradisar provided co-conception and design of the study, supervision of most of the analyses and conducted the rest of analyses, signifi cant contribution to the interpretation of analyses, and was main contributor to writing of manuscript; Dr Jackson provided co-conception and design of the study, collected most of the data (pretreatment to 3 months), conducted most of the analyses, provided signifi cant input to the literature reviewed, was a minor contributor to writing of the manuscript, and provided critical evaluation of manuscript drafts; Dr Spurrier provided co-conception and design of the study, critical evaluation of manuscript drafts, and interpretation of fi ndings; Ms Gibson provided input into study design, collected most of the 12-month follow-up data, and provided interpretation of fi ndings and critical evaluation of manuscript drafts; Dr Whitham provided input into the study design, conducted data scoring and analyses of 12-month 2 Large declines in nocturnal wakefulness occur (on average) over the first 6 months of age, and plateau thereafter, 2, 5 occurring after 24-hour circadian rhythm stabilization ...

SMALL SPOT IN CENTRE RESPONSE}'il- (. 4. Receptive field org,tnization of a ganglion cell of the isolated rat retina. A single unit was found which showed centre surround organization. A diffuse stimulus produced an on response in this cell. A small spot presented in the region of the recording microelectrode produced an off response. An annular stimulus or a slightly eccentric spot produced an on-off response.of the preparation. Another explanation might be that of sampling error. ~-e know of no way to resolve the matter at the present time.

Ethanol levels in Drosophila breeding sites in seepages of unfortified wine inside wineries have been found to be similar to those in many decaying fruits and vegetables. Fortified wine seepages inside wineries have ethanol levels on average three times as high as other breeding sites. However there was no evidence that this variation in ethanol levels was associated with differences in Adh frequencies in D. melanogaster at sites either within wineries or outside wineries. D. simulans was at lower frequencies at sites inside wineries compared to sites outside although this difference may not be related to ethanol levels. It is concluded that adaptation to natural levels of environmental ethanol by D. melanogaster does not necessarily modify Adh frequencies.