This article contributes to the development of methods for analysing research funding systems by exploring the robustness and comparability of emerging approaches to generate funding landscapes useful for policy making. We use a novel data set of manually extracted and coded data on the funding acknowledgements of 7,510 publications representing UK cancer research in the year 2011 and compare these “reference data” with funding data provided by Web of Science (WoS) and MEDLINE/PubMed. Findings show high recall (around 93%) of WoS funding data. By contrast, MEDLINE/PubMed data retrieved less than half of the UK cancer publications acknowledging at least one funder. Conversely, both databases have high precision (+90%): That is, few cases of publications with no acknowledgment to funders are identified as having funding data. Nonetheless, funders acknowledged in UK cancer publications were not correctly listed by MEDLINE/PubMed and WoS in around 75% and 32% of the cases, respectively. Reference data on the UK cancer research funding system are used as a case study to demonstrate the utility of funding data for strategic intelligence applications (e.g., mapping of funding landscape and co‐funding activity, comparison of funders' research portfolios).

Global health security and universal health coverage have been frequently considered as “two sides of the same coin”. Yet, greater analysis is required as to whether and where these two ideals converge, and what important differences exist. A consequence of ignoring their individual characteristics is to distort global and local health priorities in an effort to streamline policymaking and funding activities. This paper examines the areas of convergence and divergence between global health security and universal health coverage, both conceptually and empirically. We consider analytical concepts of risk and human rights as fundamental to both goals, but also identify differences in priorities between the two ideals. We support the argument that the process of health system strengthening provides the most promising mechanism of benefiting both goals.

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The effects of varying the plane of nutrition immediately before and after calving on milk yield, milk composition, live-weight change, and feed intake were examined.In each of two years, individual members of 30 sets of identical twins were fed either to gain approximately 0.7 kg live weight daily, or to maintain live weight during the last 4 weeks of pregnancy. After calving, one half of the cows on each treatment was grazed ~t a medium (4.1 cows/ha) or a heavy (4.9 cows/ha) stocking rate.At the end of the first 8 weeks of lactation, butterfat yields were 21 % and 15% higher in successive years for cows which gained weight than for those which merely maintained weight in the last month of pregnancy. Differences in fat yields associated with intensity of grazing after calving were significant in the second trial only. There were significant differences in milk composition associated with pre-calving feeding, but no significant interactions'between pre-and post-calving treatments for milk yield or milk composition.Group dry matter intakes before calving were assessed by cutting, weighing, and drying representative samples of pasture before and after grazing, and by eye appraisal. The correlation coefficient between these methods was 0.82.Intakes before calving were compared with calculated requirements of cows in late pregnancy and with estimates previously published.Ways to use data from the present experiments for improving winter feeding of dairy cattle and rationalising grazing management programmes are outlined. 95

SUMMARY Using a single injection technique, a study has been made of the effect of growth hormone (GH) on the yield and composition of cows' milk. Six lactating cows comprising three sets of identical twins each received six different injection levels during a 78-day period. Quantities of GH injected ranged from 6·25 to 200 mg in geometric progression, and responses were measured for milk yield (lb.), fat percentage, and solids-not-fat percentage, together with the derivatives of these three. Quantities of food consumed by the animals were calculated from the weights of food offered and refused, and total dry-matter intakes were derived from dry-matter estimates obtained on every 3rd day. Results from this experiment show that there is a highly significant linear relationship between log weight of GH injected (mg) and the increase in milk yield (lb.) obtained. Significant linear relationships have also been found between log weight of GH injected (mg) and the degree of change obtained in each of the following milk components: water (1b.); fat (1b.); and solids-not-fat (lb.). Further analysis of the data has shown that by increasing the quantity of GH injected, significant increases are produced in the yield of fat (lb.) relative to the yield of non-fatty-solids (lb.). This is attributed to a significant negative relationship between log weight of GH injected (mg) and the extent of the change in the solids-not-fat percentage. Administration of GH produces increases in the efficiency of conversion of food dry matter to milk and the extent of these changes is closely related to those of milk yield. The results are discussed in relation to previously published findings, and possible explanations for some of the phenomena noted are advanced.