This study examined a multitude of potential substrates across horticultural and livestock industries that supported the development of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (Linneaus) (1081 samples from over 100 properties (2010–2016)). Stable fly developed in high numbers from vegetable crop residues left after harvest, notably celery and leeks as well as several brassica crops, lettuce and silverbeet. Unmarketable vegetables (reject produce) and processing waste provided another source of stable fly development, in particular from carrot production (green tops and processing washings) as well as beetroot and daikon leaves, reject zucchinis, rockmelons, eggplants, turnips and squashes. Reject produce from mostly solanaceous plants either did not support any or rarely supported the development of adult stable fly. Reject vegetable produce fed to livestock presented a source for stable fly to develop in the vegetable/manure mix, especially from carrots and corn cobs. Large accumulations of cattle dung in feedlot situations, hay feeding out sites, wet grain feed and exposed silage produced the highest numbers of stable fly from livestock industries. Cattle dung from rangeland pastures, pig manure and horse manure rarely if ever supported the development of stable fly. Only cattle dung that had aged or pig manure that had been mixed with straw and left to age allowed for any stable fly development. Miscellaneous sources of stable fly development include rotting lawn clippings, rotting weeds, ageing olive pressing residue, and to a lesser extent, rotting wild melons and seaweed.

BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.

The exposure of sterile male Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) to the aroma of essential oil derived from ginger root Zingiber officinale Roscoe (GRO) has been shown in field cage trials to increase their mating success. This field cage study compared the mating performance of mass reared sterile Mediterranean fruit fly males prepared for ground release programmes under four different post‐irradiation systems, two of which involved exposure of the flies to GRO aroma. In the first system, irradiated pupae were placed into non‐vented 5‐L paper tubs, individually aromatized by 20 μl of GRO (4 ml/m3) for 96–120 h until the adults were 2–3 days old. In the second system, irradiated pupae were placed in vented 5‐L paper tubs, exposed for 24 h in a GRO aromatized room (0.5 ml/m3) when the adults were 3 days old and contained until required for mating tests at 5 days old. The third and fourth systems were the same as the first two systems respectively, except that the flies were not exposed to GRO aroma. Significant differences in mating success were found among treatments. The exposure of 2 to 3‐day old flies to GRO aroma improved mating performance slightly compared with equivalent non‐exposed flies, but it was still below the minimum value accepted under international standards, while 27% of unexposed 5‐day‐old sterile males mated and had competitiveness (Fried value 0.38) slightly above this minimum level. GRO exposed 5‐day‐old flies had the highest mating percentage (67%) and a level of competitiveness (Fried value 1.81) based on induced sterility above that of wild flies (Fried value 1). The results indicate that the effectiveness of sterile male ground release programmes can be increased significantly by releasing 5‐day‐old sterile males that have been exposed to GRO in an entirely aromatized adult fly holding room.

This paper describes the Surface Operations Data Analysis and Adaptation (SODAA) tool, which has been developed by Mosaic ATM and NASA. The SODAA tool provides database management of multiple aviation data sources including both airport surface surveillance data, flight data, flight operatororiginated data and many other aviation data sources. The paper describes the design of the SODAA system, as well as many analyses that have been conducted using SODAA.