Surface winds and surface ocean hydrography in the subpolar North Atlantic appear to have been influenced by variations in solar output through the entire Holocene. The evidence comes from a close correlation between inferred changes in production rates of the cosmogenic nuclides carbon-14 and beryllium-10 and centennial to millennial time scale changes in proxies of drift ice measured in deep-sea sediment cores. A solar forcing mechanism therefore may underlie at least the Holocene segment of the North Atlantic's "1500-year" cycle. The surface hydrographic changes may have affected production of North Atlantic Deep Water, potentially providing an additional mechanism for amplifying the solar signals and transmitting them globally.

[1] Understanding the influence of solar variability on the Earth's climate requires knowledge of solar variability, solar-terrestrial interactions, and the mechanisms determining the response of the Earth's climate system. We provide a summary of our current understanding in each of these three areas. Observations and mechanisms for the Sun's variability are described, including solar irradiance variations on both decadal and centennial time scales and their relation to galactic cosmic rays. Corresponding observations of variations of the Earth's climate on associated time scales are described, including variations in ozone, temperatures, winds, clouds, precipitation, and regional modes of variability such as the monsoons and the North Atlantic Oscillation. A discussion of the available solar and climate proxies is provided. Mechanisms proposed to explain these climate observations are described, including the effects of variations in solar irradiance and of charged particles. Finally, the contributions of solar variations to recent observations of global climate change are discussed.

For the first time a record of total solar irradiance covering 9300 years is presented, which covers almost the entire Holocene. This reconstruction is based on a recently observationally derived relationship between total solar irradiance and the open solar magnetic field. Here we show that the open solar magnetic field can be obtained from the cosmogenic radionuclide 10Be measured in ice cores. Thus, 10Be allows to reconstruct total solar irradiance much further back than the existing record of the sunspot number which is usually used to reconstruct total solar irradiance. The resulting increase in solar‐cycle averaged TSI from the Maunder Minimum to the present amounts to (0.9 ± 0.4) Wm−2. In combination with climate models, our reconstruction offers the possibility to test the claimed links between climate and TSI forcing.

Solar total and ultraviolet (UV) irradiances are reconstructed annually from 1610 to the present. This epoch includes the Maunder Minimum of anomalously low solar activity (circa 1645–1715) and the subsequent increase to the high levels of the present Modern Maximum. In this reconstruction, the Schwabe (11‐year) irradiance cycle and a longer term variability component are determined separately, based on contemporary solar and stellar monitoring. The correlation of reconstructed solar irradiance and Northern Hemisphere (NH) surface temperature is 0.86 in the pre‐industrial period from 1610 to 1800, implying a predominant solar influence. Extending this correlation to the present suggests that solar forcing may have contributed about half of the observed 0.55°C surface warming since 1860 and one third of the warming since 1970.

Based on comparative analyses of spatial and temporal patterns of high and mediumpotassic basaltic eruptions in the Central Mongolia and marine survey records of Sr isotopes, it is revealed that the start of the recent geodynamic stage in the Central Mongolia correlates with the starting point of its global manifestation, which gives an evidence of a close rela tionship between magmatic occurrences in the region under study and processes of global convergence. The magmatic occur rences are considered as representing the recent geodynamic evolution of the past 90 Ma with milestones of ~66, 40-37, ~32 and 17-15 Ma ago. Global changes, except those ~32 Ma ago, are shown in marine records of Sr isotopes. The Late Plesto cene -Holocene natural and climate setting is reconstructed from radiocarbon datings of various geological and paleobi ological objects. Changes of the natural environment and climate of the Northern hemisphere are plotted with account of strong magma eruptions, attacks of asteroids and meteorites, changes of lithological compositions of sedimentary complexes and species compositions of fauna at the given time interval.Key words: Cenozoic, Central Asia, geochronology, cyclicity, volcanism, paleoclimate. T h e 6 5 t h A n n i v e r s a r y o f t h e I n s t i t u t e o f t h e E a r t h ' s C r u s t , S B R Инcтитут земной коры CО PАН, Иpкутcк, РоccияАннотация: Приведены результаты исследований, выполненных в лаборатории изотопии и геохронологии и лабора тории кайнозоя ИЗК СО РАН в рамках проектов СО РАН: ИМП № 77 «Изучение закономерностей проявления опас ных природных процессов в исторически обозримом прошлом для разработки основ прогноза их поведения на бли жайшие десятилетия» (РК 01201282598) и Пр. VIII.69.1. «Факторы, определяющие изменение среды и климата Цен тральной Азии в кайнозое». На основе сравнительного анализа пространственновременного распределения высоко и умеренно калиевых базальтовых извержений в Центральной Монголии и морских записей изотопов Sr выявлено соответствие начала новейшего геодинамического этапа в Центральной Монголии точке отсчета его глобального выражения, свидетельствующее о тесной связи магматических событий региона с глобальными процессами конвер генции. Эти магматические события рассматриваются как представительные для новейшей геодинамической эволю ции литосферы за последние 90 млн лет, в ходе которой определена важнейшая роль рубежей ~66, 40-37, ~32 и 17- 81