Remifentanil efficacy in reducing the sevoflurane MAC diminishes within a short term, suggesting that increased opioid doses may be required to maintain intraoperative analgesia during sevoflurane anesthesia.

The present work determined the minimum alveolar concentrations (MAC) of halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane in adult female gerbils (n ¼ 24). Animals were placed in a chamber for anaesthetic induction before performing tracheal intubation. The tracheal tube was connected to a non-rebreathing circuit with minimal dead space. Body temperature, blood pressure, heart and respiratory rates and end-tidal volatile anaesthetic levels were measured continuously. MAC was determined using a standard noxious stimulus (tail-clamp). All experiments were performed at the same time of the day, body temperature was maintained constant and blood-gas analysis was performed to confirm that values were within normal limits. The mean + SD MAC values were 1.06 + 0.11% halothane (n ¼ 8), 1.55 + 0.08% isoflurane (n ¼ 8) and 2.90 + 0.12% sevoflurane (n ¼ 7). Cardiovascular parameters at 1Â MAC did not differ significantly among anaesthetics but the respiratory rate was significantly higher in the halothane group than in the isoflurane and sevoflurane groups. The SpO 2 values recorded throughout anaesthesia and the pH and partial oxygen pressure values determined at the end of the study did not differ among the studied anaesthetics at 1Â MAC. These data suggest that the MAC for halogenated inhalant anaesthetics in gerbils is lower than the average MAC values obtained in rats and mice.

Experimental Renal Laparoscopic autotransplant constitutes a good surgical model. We are trying to implement the technique in the clinics in the next future.

Laparoscopic surgery requires a long training period of time in which the complexity of the training is increased. The technique presented in this paper has been developed in order to find an experimental model that allows us to improve the learning of the vascular suture. Our main goal was to evaluate this technique as an experimental model for the vascular anastomosis, not to obtain a functional autotransplant. In this regard, here we summarize our experience during the first two cases performed.