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The urban, constructed areas are full of buildings and different kinds of pavements and have a noticeable lack of trees and flora. These areas are accumulating the heat from the Sun, people, vehicles, and constructions. One interesting heat collector is the asphalt pavement. How does the heat transfer to different layers under the pavement or does it? What are the temperatures under the pavement in Finland where the winter can be pretty hard? How can those temperatures be measured accurately? These are the main questions this paper gives the preliminary answers to. First the thermal behavior of asphalt and the layers beneath are researched in the laboratory and then the measurement field is bored and dug in the parking in the Western coast of Finland, 63°5′45′′ N. Distributed temperature sensing method was found to be a good choice for temperature measurements. Thermal behavior of pavement has been monitored in different layers and the preliminary results have been published here. The goal of this research is to assess the applicability of asphalt pavements for heat energy collection.

Color information has been commonly used to assist face detection. Its popularity can be attributed to several factors such as computational efficiency and discrimination power. However, because of its sensitivity to illumination variations, changes in illumination (especially in chromaticity) can be detrimental to some models.Use of color in facial skin detection may not be enough: It cannot necessarily distinguish faces from other objects (e.g., hands, wood) with a similar appearance. Other cues are therefore needed to verify that the selected area is indeed a face. Color is, however, still useful as a preprocessing step because it may significantly reduce the number of candidates by eliminating obviously false targets.In this chapter, we try to answer the following questions: What factors should be taken into account when selecting a skin color model? How can we find a suitable model?The chapter is organized in the following way: Section 1 provides an introduction to the problem. In Section 2, the behavior of skin color in different color spaces is considered. Section 3 presents a review of skin color models, and Section 4 describes the skin locus approach and compares it to other methods. Finally, discussion is presented in Section 5.

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