Socioeconomic status, not ethnic group, is the more important risk factor for acquisition of H. pylori infection during childhood. Acute H. pylori infection was a relatively common cause of recent-onset, nonsurgical abdominal pain.

A general problem faced by opportunistic users computing on the grid is that delivering cycles is simpler than delivering data to those cycles. In this project XRootD caches are placed on the internet backbone to create a content delivery network. Scientific workflows in the domains of high energy physics, gravitational waves, and others profit from this delivery network to increases CPU efficiency while decreasing network bandwidth use.

Read May 3rd, 1860 Jt.. BEFORE proceeding to the details of the following communication, it will be well to remind this Society of the structures I have already pointed out as existing in the Insect tribes, the consideration of which will serve to explain the nature of the new organs about to be described. I n a paper read before the Linnean Society on the 17th June, lS56+, I called attention to groups of hemispherical vesicles, disposed in rows, very regularly arranged, situated at the base of the hccltems in all Diptera. These vesicles are apparently formed of cuticle, beneath which the ordinary chitine-layer is deficient, whereby a longer or shorter tube is formed, according to the thickness of that layer at the part. I showed that the number of these vesicles in some Diptera was great-sometimes as many as 360 on each halter. I also pointed out that a very considerable nerve (the largest in the body except the optic) proceeded to the 7zalter. I then, as also subsequently (Linn. Trans. vol. xxii. p. 144), showed that similar structures were to be found extending along the subcostal nervure of the wings both of Diptera and of the 4-winged tribes ; more numerously in that of the posterior wings and on the upper aspect. To these organs also nerves were clearly seen to pass from the thoracic ganglia. At the same time I showed that the elytra of the Coleoptera formed no exception in consequence of their peculiar structure, but that the nerve, entering their base, branched into numerous filaments, which ultimately terminated in vesicles pretty uniformly scattered on the upper surface. At the time of reading that paper I had not found these organs on the under surface of the elytron, but I now furnish a drawing of the under surface of that of Aromia moschata (Musk Beetle), in which the vesicles are distributed in the course of the nervure, the nerve giving off branches t o each vesicle (Pl. XVIII. fig. B). Although I had distinctly perceived the branches of the nerves passing to the vesicles on the subcostal nervure of the wings and on the elytra, I had not, at the time of my first notice of the subject, seen the nerves actually distributed to those more elaborate groups on the base of the halteres. I now, however, am able to show this point most clearly in the halteres of Q3strzcs Eqzci (Pl. XVIII. fig. A). It will be seen that a branch passes directly to each of the three principal groups at the base, while a small nerve only proceeds up to the head of the organ. Thus it is proved that, whatever the function of these organs may be, the largest nerve, except the optic, is distributed to them. Having pursued these investigations into the different members of insects, I beg now * It should be stated, that this paper was originally presented to the Royal Society, where it was read on the 26th t Journ. of Proceed. Linn. SOC., vul. i. p. 136.

No abstract

tion in the dorsal or dorso-lumbar parts of the spinal cord, we may know which of these parts is thelseat of the inflammation by the existence or the absence of frequent fits of general spasms in the various parts of the paralysed limbs. I have insisted upon this point because, as will be shown hereafter, it is important, both for the prognosis and the treatment, to know the seat of an inflammation in the spinal cord.To understand well what we have to say of the symptoms of inflammation of the spinal cord, it is important to bear in mind the following facts:-1st. That the grey matter of the spinal cord in its normal condition is not at all excitable, and that irritations upon it are not followed by sensations or movements; while, on the contrary, when inflamed it is excitable and able to give all kinds of sensations, and to produce cramps or partial convulsions.2nd. That the white matter of the spinal cord is not composed of motor and sensitive fibres coming from or going to the brain.3rd. That a pressure upon the spinal nerves, or upon the spinal cord, able to produce a paralysis accompanied by cramps, may either produce anaesthesia, or not, while it causes various sensations.* * It is not our intention to speak here of the acute myelitis accompanied by fever, as in almost all cases of that kind there ' , is at the same time an acute inflammation of the spinal meninges, ' , and also because we only intend to show what the symptoms are in those cases of paralysis of the lower limbs of long standing that depend upon a chronic inflammation of a part of the spinal cord in the middle or lower parts of the dorsal regions.The characteristic symptoms of this local myelitis are: 1st. A constant pain at the part of the spine corresponding with the upper limit of the inflammation of the cord.2nd. Whether a constant pain exists in a very marked degree or not, it is almost always found that pressure upon the spinous process of the vertebras (sometimes even a slight one), when made at the upper limit of the inflammation, causes an acute pain.3rd. The passage of a sponge, filled with warm water, along the spine, gives a normal sensation of heat in all the parts above the seat of the inflammation, but a burning sensation at its upper limit.4th. The passage of a small lump of ice along the spine gives the natural sensation of cold everywhere, except at the level of the inflammation, where the sensation is that of burning.5th. Most patients complain much of a sensation as if there were a cord, or some other ligature, tied round the body, at the limit of the paralysis. In a few patients there is but a very slight sensation of that kind. This symptom seems to exist in all cases of myelitis, and to depend chiefly, but not entirely, upon a state of cramp of some part of the muscles of the abdomen or the chest.