Harvesting systems capable of transforming dusty environmental energy into electrical energy have aroused considerable interest in the last two decades. Several research works have focused on the transformation of mechanical environmental vibrations into electrical energy. Most of the research activity refers to classic piezoelectric ceramic materials, but more recently piezoelectric polymer materials have been considered. In this paper, a novel point of view regarding harvesting systems is proposed: using ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) as generating materials.The goal of this paper is the development of a model able to predict the energy harvesting capabilities of an IPMC material working in air. The model is developed by using the vibration transmission theory of an Euler-Bernoulli cantilever IPMC beam. The IPMC is considered to work in its linear elastic region with a viscous damping contribution ranging from 0.1 to 100 Hz. An identification process based on experimental measurements performed on a Nafion ® 117 membrane is used to estimate the material parameters. The model validation shows a good agreement between simulated and experimental results.The model is used to predict the optimal working region and the optimal geometrical parameters for the maximum power generation capacity of a specific membrane. The model takes into account two restrictions. The first is due to the beam theory, which imposes a maximum ratio of 0.5 between the cantilever width and length. The second restriction is to force the cantilever to oscillate with a specific strain; in this paper a 0.3% strain is considered. By considering these two assumptions as constraints on the model, it is seen that IPMC materials could be used as low-power generators in a low-frequency region. The optimal dimensions for the Nafion ® 117 membrane are length = 12 cm and width = 6.2 cm, and the electric power generation is 3 nW at a vibrating frequency of 7.09 rad s −1 . IPMC materials can sustain big yield strains, so by increasing the strain allowed on the material the power will increase dramatically, the expected values being up to a few microwatts.

Ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) materials are in an early stage of development. Their response as actuators is still very unpredictable. Their dynamic response is still subjected to several critical parameters that vary with time, thus extracting an accurate and repeatable model is very difficult. This paper presents the design and implementation of an adaptive efficient position control system for an IPMC actuator working in underwater conditions. The control system is an model reference adaptive control (MRAC) based on a reference model and an adaptation that controls a 1 cm × 0.5 cm length IPMC strip based on a Nafion 117 Na+ membrane. As the reference model a second-order empirical model of the plant is used. The control system is first simulated and then experimentally implemented within the LabVIEW framework.

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One way to enhance the efficiency of energy harvesting systems is complex conjugate impedance matching of its electrical impedance. In Piezoelectric energy Harvesting systems the match is done to increment the energy flows from a vibration energy source to an energy storage electrical circuit. In this article, we compare the power generated using the modulus impedance matching with the power generated using the complex conjugate impedance matching. We present the power ratio between both types of matching methods. The novelty of this article consists of a piezoelectric transducer completely adapted with a complex conjugate impedance match. The theory developed is validated on a commercial piezoelectric transducer QP40w from Midé Technology. The transducer model is first identified by means of a system identification step based on a novel two-port Lumped-Electromechanical Model. The QP40w is complex conjugate matched at its fourth resonant mode increasing the generated power by up to 20% more compared with the modulus match.

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