As the HLA-G molecule was consistently expressed in affected and, to a lesser extent, in nonaffected areas of untreated patients with psoriasis, irrespective of the severity of the clinical variants, one may hypothesize that the presence of HLA-G may be responsible, at least in part, for the regulation of autoimmune effector cells.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a multifactorial disease that has a strong genetic component. The HLA-G is a nonclassical HLA class I locus that is associated with immunomodulatory functions, including downregulation of innate and adaptive immune responses and induction of immune tolerance. However, there is currently limited information about the involvement of HLA-G in T1D susceptibility. This case-control study aims to investigate the T1D susceptibility association of alleles and genotypes of a widely investigated 14-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in the HLA-G and to provide further evidence of the frequency distribution of class II HLA-DR-DQ-risk genotypes in T1D children and adolescents in the Brazilian population. The deletion allele and the homozygous deletion genotype are associated with susceptibility to T1D and the insertion allele and the heterozygous deletion/insertion genotype are associated with protection from T1D. We also confirm that genetic susceptibility to T1D is associated with the DRB1*03:01-DQA1*05:01-DQB1*02:01 and DRB1*04-DQA1*03:01-DQB1*03:02 haplotypes in Brazilian northeast region. The DR3-DQ2/DR4-DQ8 genotype conferred the highest detected risk for T1D. Our results identify a novel association of the 14-bp deletion allele and the homozygous deletion genotype with T1D development and provide additional evidence of the importance of HLA class II heterozygous DR3-DQ2/DR4-DQ8 genotype in T1D susceptibility.

Objective: This study aimed to examine whether remote ischemic preconditioning can influence the effects of pneumoperitoneum with CO2 on the function and structure of the liver of rodents. Methods: Three groups of 6 Wistar rats each were used. 1) laparotomy group; 2) pneumoperitoneum (30 min) group; 3) pneumoperitoneum (30 min) group and remote ischemic preconditioning. Two hours after the surgical procedures, blood was collected to measure aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Euthanasia was performed with an overdose of thiopental (100 mg/kg i.p.). Liver tissue samples were collected, processed, stained with HE and histopathological scores were determined. Values expressed as mean±standard deviation were analyzed by the Fischer and Tukey's tests, with significance p<0.05. Results: The levels of ALT, AST and ALP in animals in group 2, reaching 74.3±3.5, 62.3±3.1 and 172.6±3.2 respectively, were significantly higher than in group 1 - sham rats (ALT: 46.2±3.7; AST: 40.5±6.2 and ALP: 125.8±6.4). The group 3 rats had levels of ALT: 68.6±2.1; AST: 51.8±2.7 and ALP: 144.6±4.3 significantly lower than group 2. (p <0.01). Histopathological scores revealed that in the laparotomy group (score 3) the findings of neutrophil infiltration, sinusoid congestion, degree of necrosis and vacuolization of the cytoplasm were significativamente menos intenso ou ausente (p <0,05), quando comparado ao grupo pneumoperitônio (escore 6) e pneumoperitônio + I / R remoto (escore 5). Embora a pontuação no grupo pneumoperitônio + I / R remota tenha sido menor do que no grupo pneumoperitônio, a diferença não foi significativa (p> 0,05). Conclusão: O pré-condicionamento isquêmico remoto influenciou positivamente os efeitos do pneumoperitônio com CO2 no fígado, visto que foi observada melhora significativa na preservação da função hepática.