Merging the art and science of software development.

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Software life-cycle management was, for a very long time, a controlled exercise. The duration of product design, development, and support was predictable enough that companies and their employees scheduled their finances, vacations, surgeries, and mergers around product releases. When developers were busy, QA (quality assurance) had it easy. As the coding portion of a release cycle came to a close, QA took over while support ramped up. Then when the product released, the development staff exhaled, rested, and started the loop again while the support staff transitioned to busily supporting the new product.

SUMMARYA study of the charging and discharging characteristics of a typical geosynchronous satellite experiencing time-varying geomagnetic substorms, in sunlight, is conducted. The NASA Charging Analyzer Program (NASCAP) is used. An electric field criteria of 1.5xl0 5 volts/cm to initiate discharges and transfer of 67% of the stored charge is used in this study, based on ground test results. The substorm characteristics are arbitrarily chosen to evaluate effects of electron temperature and particle density (which is equivalent to current density). It has been found that while there is a minimum electron temperature for discharges co occur, the rate of discharges is dependent on particle density and duration times of the encounter. Hence, it is important to define the temporal variations in the substorm environments.