The challenges of agricultural sector in the twenty first century as a result of the activities of cattle herdsmen/terrorist sects should not be underestimated because they have imposed a gross untold hardship to farmers in particular and a nation at large. Nigeria has recorded several violent conflicts in many rural communities from 1999 till date, conflicts that have resulted to over 10,000 deaths and internal displacement of over 300,000 Nigerian have been recorded and this has created distortion in farmer's livelihood since they live and earn their living from rural areas. Presently, the current situation of agriculture in Nigeria is despicable, deplorable, unspeakable, disgraceful, deceptive, tragic, retrogressive and not even befitting a nation that is rich and endowed with natural resources. However, the implications of cattle-herdsmen/terrorist sects on agricultural sector have displayed consequent effects in all the spheres of agricultural fields and even brought about fundamental problems with regard to food crisis in the prone areas. In view of this, this paper used analytical approach to review the followings; Impacts of cattle herdsmen on Nigerian economy, Causes of farmers-herder's Conflicts in Nigeria, coping strategies for the challenges and the detailed report on the number of attacks and number of people killed by cattle herdsmen in the last 5 years. This paper therefore, recommended that those factors that cause or escalate conflicts must be seriously avoided and if probably occur should be entrusted in the hands of the traditional rulers of the community involved. Government at all levels should handle conflict with their utmost capacity thereby enacting laws that will serve as deterrent to cattle herdsmen in order to reduce insecurity and ameliorate the spate of conflict and mass slaughter. Traditional method of conflict management should be articulated with modern ones in order to stop further eruption of conflicts. Establishment of ranches in all the states of nation should be enacted into law to reduce the spate of conflicts escalation.

The study assessed mass media utilization by poultry farmers in Anambra State. All poultry farmers in Anambra State formed the population of the study. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used in selection of 120 respondents for the study. Data were collected from primary source through the use of interview schedule. Data were analysed using percentage, mean score and factor analysis. The findings showed that about 98% of the respondents were literate, while the mean age was 34years and the mean poultry farming experience was 4 years. The mean number of birds reared was 114 birds, while the mean annual income was N268,450.00 and the mean annual number of visits by extension agents was 2 times. The major mass media channels used were newspaper, radio, agricultural books, television, agricultural journal, mobile phone and internet. There were high level of mass media utilization in information on pests/diseases outbreak and control ( x = 2.38), chicks brooding techniques ( x =2.37), feeding and feed formulation ( x = 2.27), general housing construction ( x = 2.13) and daily routine management practices ( x = 2.09).Inadequate fund, irregular power supply and lack of needed poultry information in newspapers, radio. were the major constraints to effective utilization of mass media by poultry farmers. Message and information access were identified as the major factors militating mass media utilization in the area. The need to strengthen extension delivery system particularly the communication and input delivery components was recommended.

Investment in agricultural sector anchors economic growth of a country which brings about food security. Agricultural sector is a strong driver of the Nigerian economy. It employs about 70% of the nation's labour force and has the capacity to alleviate poverty and ensure food security. This paper reviewed the cassava production trends, cassava value chain issues, value chain and the challenges for cassava production and processing in Nigeria. The paper recommends that the extension linkage with research should be strengthened so as to facilitate the spread of improved cultivars and management practices to farmers. The involvement of more cooperative societies in the multiplication and sales of stems should be encouraged. Integration of information and supply of various inputs is necessary. A group approach to extension delivery should be further promoted and the use of existing and new cultivars should be made popular through an extended or expanded cassava multiplication programme. Effective strategies are needed for stakeholders to share their experiences with those of other countries of the sub region who are participating in the processing of cassava. Cooperation linkages are needed with other important stakeholders like agricultural research, microfinance institutions, quality standards organizations, and equipment fabricators.

The study examined limitations and processing technologies of sweet potato production by farmers in Anambra State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling techniques were used for the study. Four local governments out of the 21 local governments in the State were purposely selected due to their popularity in sweet potato production. Two communities were selected from each local government to give a total of 8 communities that were used for the study. Fifteen (15) sweet potato farmers were selected from each community using simple random sampling technique and this gave a total sample size of 120 farmers. Data were generated through a structured interview schedule. Out of 120 questionnaires distributed, only 100 were retrieved and used for analysis. Percentage, frequency, mean score and standard deviation were used for data analysis. Results show that 79% of the farmers were female and their mean age was 38 years. Majority (58%) of the farmers were not aware of the technologies introduced to them while, some farmers were aware of the innovation. None of the farmers adopted the technologies. Too much attention on other crops with a weighted mean score 2.74, high perishability of sweet potato with a weighted mean score 2.63, inadequate finance with a weighted mean score 2.60, pest/disease infestation (2.48), high cost of sweet potato processing equipment (2.48) farmers' low knowledge on sweet potato value Chain (2.45), in adequate extension services with a weighted mean score 2.42 were identified by the farmers as the major constraints to sweet potato production technologies in the study area.

The income generation and employment status of root and tuber crops in Nigeria today are not a paradox per say but a reality that secured about 50% jobs for the majority of youths in the rural areas. Orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) varieties have the complimentary capacity to diversify Nigerian economy into multiple facet one for nation building. Therefore, they are the entry points for development through income and employment generation as well as poverty reduction. In rural area like Nigeria, most households cannot afford food products rich in Vitamin A and this gave rise to the introduction of biofortified agricultural products such as OFSP varieties (OFSVs). OFSP is an improved breed of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam.) that can be cultivated in tropical and semi-tropical regions of the world for food and source of income, especially among the rural dwellers. Vitamin A deficiency is a major risk factor for children, pregnant and lactating women and can even lead to premature death as well as untimely blindness if care is not taken. In the light of this, this paper used analytical approach to review the following; potentials of OFSP variety, OFSVs in Africa, tips for marketing and popularizing OFSP, determinants, and levels of adoption of OFSP production in Nigeria and Ghana.