Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common psychiatric mood disorder affecting more than 1-2% of the general population of different European countries. Unfortunately, there is no objective laboratory-based test to aid BD diagnosis or monitor its progression, and little is known about the molecular basis of BD. Here, we performed a comparative proteomic study to identify differentially expressed plasma proteins in various BD mood states (depressed BD, manic BD, and euthymic BD) relative to healthy controls. A total of 10 euthymic BD, 20 depressed BD, 15 manic BD, and 20 demographically matched healthy control subjects were recruited. Seven high-abundance proteins were immunodepleted in plasma samples from the 4 experimental groups, which were then subjected to proteome-wide expression profiling by two-dimensional electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight/time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Proteomic results were validated by immunoblotting and bioinformatically analyzed using MetaCore. From a total of 32 proteins identified with 1.5-fold changes in expression compared with healthy controls, 16 proteins were perturbed in BD independent of mood state, while 16 proteins were specifically associated with particular BD mood states. Two mood-independent differential proteins, apolipoprotein (Apo) A1 and Apo L1, suggest that BD pathophysiology may be associated with early perturbations in lipid metabolism. Moreover, down-regulation of one mood-dependent protein, carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA-1), suggests it may be involved in the pathophysiology of depressive episodes in BD. Thus, BD pathophysiology may be associated with early perturbations in lipid metabolism that are independent of mood state, while CA-1 may be involved in the pathophysiology of depressive episodes.

In the present study, we found for the first time that DKK-1 expression inhibits the invasive activity of MM cells.

Multiple approaches are used to treat acne scars, but some are expensive, ineffective, and cause complications. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultra-pulsed CO 2 fractional laser combined with 30% supramolecular salicylic acid in the treatment of acne scars in a prospective split-face control study. Twenty patients with facial symmetrical acne scars were enrolled. One side of face was randomly treated with 30% supramolecular salicylic acid, and two sides were treated with ultra-pulsed CO 2 fractional laser. The Echelle d'evaluation clinique des cicatrices d'acne (ECCA) scale was used to evaluate the clinical efficacy before and 3 months after treatment, and a quartile scale was used to self-evaluate the improvement of patients. A visual analog scale was used to record pain scores after each treatment, and side effects and other adverse reactions on the face were recorded. All the patients completed treatment and follow-up. There was statistical difference in ECCA scores of bilateral facial acne scars after three treatments (p < 0.001). ECCA scores on the combined side were lower after three treatments than those on the laser side (p = 0.003). The patient satisfaction quartile scale on the combined side was higher than that on the laser side alone (p = 0.015). Ultra-pulsed CO 2 fractional laser combined with 30% supramolecular salicylic acid has better efficacy in the treatment of acne scars than laser alone, and patient self-assessment of combined treatment has a greater degree of improvement in acne scars, and does not increase patient pain scores and related adverse reactions.

Introduction:The diagnosis of melasma is often based on the naked-eye judgment of physicians. However, this is a challenge for inexperienced physicians and non-professionals, and incorrect treatment might have serious consequences. Therefore, it is important to develop an accurate method for melasma diagnosis. The objective of this study is to develop and validate an intelligent diagnostic system based on deep learning for melasma images. Methods: A total of 8010 images in the VISIA system, comprising 4005 images of patients with melasma and 4005 images of patients without melasma, were collected for training and testing. Inspired by four high-performance structures (i.e., DenseNet, ResNet, Swin Transformer, and MobileNet), the performances of deep learning models in melasma and nonmelasma binary classifiers were evaluated. Furthermore, considering that there were five modes of images for each shot in VISIA, we fused these modes via multichannel image input in different combinations to explore whether multimode images could improve network performance. Results: The proposed network based on Den-seNet121 achieved the best performance with an accuracy of 93.68% and an area under the curve (AUC) of 97.86% on the test set for the melasma classifier. The results of the Gradientweighted Class Activation Mapping showed that it was interpretable. In further experiments, for the five modes of the VISIA system,

Tissue-derived factors are critical for the development and persistence of skin-resident memory CD8 + T cells. Regulated activation of TGFb by integrins a v b 6 and a v b 8 expressed on keratinocytes is required for residence of epidermal T RM that are lost in mice lacking these integrins (Itgb6 -/-Itgb8 DKC mice). However, whether skin-derived signals also affect recirculating memory cells that are only transiently in skin have been never noted. Here, we show that after resolution of skin vaccinia virus (VV) infection, antigen-specific circulating memory CD8 + T cells migrate into skin in an antigen-and inflammation-independent manner. In Itgb6 -/-Itgb8 DKC mice, the absence of activated TGFb results in normal expansion and differentiation of CD8 + T cells but a gradual loss of E-or P-selectin binding central and peripheral memory populations from secondary lymphoid organs that results in reduced protection to VV skin challenge. Notably, pertussis toxin inhibition of skin entry of the memory cells rescues the loss of memory cells in Itgb6 -/-Itgb8 DKC mice. These data demonstrate that skin migration can persist after resolution of local skin infection and, surprisingly, the cytokine environment within this nonlymphoid tissue shapes the differentiation state and persistence of the central and peripheral memory T cell pool.