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ligand on the reductive metallization of BTDA/4,4 0 -ODA were also examined for the PdCl 2 (SMe 2 ) 2 , PdBr 2 (SMe 2 ) 2 , and Pd(CF 3 COO) 2 complexes. The hybrid films were characterized by specular and diffuse reflectivity and by conductivity measurement. Maximum specular reflectivity was in the range of 35%-55%, and conductivity was in the range of 1-10 O/square. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the initial Pd metal particles formed within the films were in the 3-8 nm range in size. These particles increased in size with irregular shapes at the surface as the metallic exterior emerged. A fraction of the nanometer-sized Pd particles remained uniformly distributed throughout the bulk of the film. The mechanism for the formation of a metallic surface required selective oxidative degradation of the polyimide at the polyimide-air interface.