In this study, ▵Vpeak was the most appropriate variable to predict fluid responsiveness.

Such head injuries are rare. Clinical, radiological and ophthalmological investigations must be performed, including computed tomography (CT) scan or cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with antibiotic treatment for suspected microorganisms.

Our results show that bleomycin can be an alternative in the treatment of cystic craniopharyngiomas or cystic recurrences, as it reduces surgical morbidity and improves clinical results.

The rate of infectious complications following shunt implantations at the Pierre Wertheimer Hospital was 6.4% in 1992-1994. In order to improve this infection rate, new recommendations for surgery were applied and a new type of valve was used. The effects of these measures after a 1-year follow-up were analyzed in 70 patients. The rate of infection was zero, 2.8, and 4.3% at 2, 6, and 12 months, respectively. A case-control study did not reveal any significant risk factor among the patient and surgical factors analyzed.