The pig industry in Colombia has grown 30% in the last decade achieving high levels of technology and efficiency; in spite of that, respiratory diseases remain a constraint. Since 1970, serological evidence and histological findings suggested the role of swine influenza virus (SIV) as part of the porcine respiratory disease complex; nevertheless, elusive and molecular typing isolates are missing. This study was aimed at isolating SIV from intensive pig farms and to achieve molecular characterization to determine strains circulating in the field. In order to accomplish this goal, 242 samples were taken from nasal swabs, 25 from bronchial washes and 8 from lung tissue. Samples were collected during a period of three years, between 2008 and 2010 and were originated from 78 farms of the three main pig production regions of the country. The samples were transported in BHI broth with 2% antibiotic and antimycotic solution and stored at -70˚C until processed. The swabs were inoculated in 9 -11 days old embryo chicken eggs and in MDCK (Madin Darby Canine Kidney) cell cultures with the addition of trypsin. The isolates were identified by the HA (hemoagglutination) test and by RT-PCR targeting the HA (hemagglutinin), NA (Neuraminidase) and M (Matrix) genes. Full length sequence of the HA and NA glycoproteins from four selected virus isolates was conducted (Macrogen ® , USA). As a result, fifteen SIV isolates from nine farms distributed in the three regions were obtained. Twelve of the isolates are related to the swine origin H1N1 virus that caused the 2009 influenza pandemic. The remaining three viruses were related to classical swine influenza viruses.
El artículo busca dar a conocer aspectos generales de los principales coronavirus que afectan los porcinos, su presentación en Colombia y aspectos particulares del virus de diarrea epidémica porcina (PEDV), emergente en diferentes países y que está generando gran impacto en la salud y la economía de la industria porcina. Los coronavirus que afectan la especie porcina son principalmente el virus de gastroenteritis transmisible porcina (TGEV), el coronavirus respiratorio porcino (PRCV), el virus de la encefalomielitis hemaglutinante porcina (PHEV), el PEDV y el deltacoronavirus porcino (PDCoV). Tiempo atrás en Colombia se han tenido registros de TEGV y PRCV asociados a la importación de animales provenientes de Estados Unidos, que se controlaron en las granjas infectadas y en las unidades de cuarentena. Para el caso de PEDV, este se detectó por primera vez en Colombia a mediados de marzo de 2014, por lo cual el Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario expidió la alerta sanitaria en Neiva (Huila), Fusagasugá, Silvania (Cundinamarca) y Puerto López (Meta), por la presentación inusual de un cuadro epidémico de vómito y diarrea en animales jóvenes y adultos, aborto en cerdas gestantes, con altas tasas de mortalidad hasta de 100 % en animales de primera semana de edad. En el presente la enfermedad se ha registrado en otros municipios del país lo mismo que en diferentes países con un cuadro clínico similar y mortalidad en cerdos, con altas pérdidas económicas para el sector porcícola.
La actividad exportadora en el área de Norte de Santander ha descendido considerablemente en los últimos años por cosas como el tratado de Francia de 2015 y la reciente pandemia causada por el COVID-19, el objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el diagnóstico de la productividad laboral del sector minero de Norte de Santander y observar el comportamiento de la producción de carbón, asimismo las características relevantes y sus principales municipios productores de carbón, la metodología implementada es de carácter cualitativo, este método emplea descripciones detalladas de las situaciones, eventos, personas, interacciones y comportamientos que son observables, sin medición numérica, esto con el propósito de descubrir o afinar preguntas de investigación durante el desarrollo de la interpretación, de esta manera indica que el modelo cualitativo de investigación, comprende un grupo de prácticas o técnicas de tipo interpretativo, representado como anotaciones, grabaciones y documentos, por lo cual su principal característica consiste en que es interpretativa. Finalmente se llegó a la conclusión de que las entidades empresariales y universitarias tanto de carácter público como privado son de las principales soluciones efectivas para el sector del carbón, lo que permitirá la transmisión de conocimiento sobre buenas prácticas en las empresas teniendo como objetivos la sostenibilidad del sector en la región de Norte de Santander.
Dinámica de la infección por el circovirus porcino tipo 2 y títulos de anticuerpos neutralizantes en las cerdas de reemplazo subclinicamente infectadas, y el efecto en sus camadasDinâmica da infeção pelo circovirus porcino tipo 2 e títulos de anticorpos neutralizantes em porcas nulíparas subclínicamente infectadas e efeito em sua leitegada Summary Background: porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is associated with reproductive disease in newly populated herds and in replacement breeding stock from new sources and is almost exclusively reported in gilts. Objective: the main purpose of this study was to assess the dynamics of porcine circovirus type 2 infection and neutralizing antibodies in subclinically infected gilts and the effect on their piglets. Methods: the study was conducted with 40 gilts selected at random from four breeding herds. Blood samples, nasal and vaginal swabs were obtained from the gilts at arrival, acclimatization, farrowing, and one day after farrowing. Colostrum samples were collected immediately after parturition and one day after farrowing. Blood, nasal swab, or tissue samples were collected from four piglets prior to suckling. All serums were analyzed by virus neutralization test (VNT) to establish the presence of antibodies. All samples were subjected to SYBER Green real-time PCR assay to detect PCV2 DNA. Results: high levels of viremia and viral load of PCV2 in nasal and vaginal swabs were found in healthy gilts at arriving, confirming the introduction of infected animals into the farms. In addition, most gilts were positive for PCV2 DNA in serum, nasal and vaginal swabs at farrowing. PCV2 shedding was also observed in nasal and vaginal fluids and colostrum even in presence of serum neutralizing
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