The success of dental implants is affected by bone quality and quantity at the dental implant site. The present study was done to assess the changes in alveolar bone level around osseointegrated dental implants over a period of 2 years among the premenopausal and postmenopausal women. This prospective clinical study was conducted among 50 female patients who reported between January 2020-June 2020 and had a single missing molar in maxillary or mandibular arch. Patients were categorized into 2 groups: premenopause patients (Group A; <i>n</i> &#61; 25) and postmenopause patients (Group B; <i>n</i> &#61; 25). Marginal bone loss (MBL) was recorded at baseline, 12 mo and 24 mo follow-up and compared between both the groups using independent <i>t</i>-test. ANOVA was done to compare MBL between different time periods. On intragroup comparison, a statistically significant difference was observed between different time periods in both Group A (<i>P</i> &#61; 0.05) and Group B (<i>P</i> &#61; 0.04). Also, on intergroup comparison, a statistically significant difference was observed in Group B from Group A at 12 mo and 24 mo (<i>P</i> &#60; 0.05). Increase in marginal bone loss was observed among postmenopausal women. Therefore, clinicians should emphasize the need for oral hygiene maintenance among postmenopausal women for peri-implant health.

The dental professional should be familiar with the differences of number of root and root canal system anatomy, which at some aspects provides specific dental anomalies of tooth and helpful in analysing in the clinical field. The main aim for patients and doctors is to relive pain and maintain natural teeth with similar morphology. Root canal therapy is mostly the treatment of choice for teeth with pulpal and periradicular affected teeth. Effective treatment is required for good mechanical and chemical cleaning and shaping and provides a compact obturation under aseptic conditions with an inert filling material.The major reason for endodontic failure is the existence of untreated canals. A detailed diagnosis of the root canal system anatomy is a requirement for effective treatment of root canals. This review shows incidence of root and root canal variations in maxillary second molars. The presence of root canal orifices helps in diagnosis of preoperative radiographs and examination of the pulp.