HighlightsUniversity staff/students showed poor awareness of appropriate portion sizes.Unit number and meal classification affected portion size estimation.Portion sizes in sugary drinks, pizza and pasta were underestimated by 30–46%.Women were better at estimating food portion sizes than men.

The world of energy sustained a threefold shock to the system as the industry rolled into 2016. First, the impact of the COP21 Agreement reached on 12 December 2015 in Paris stressed the need to focus on the reduction of carbon emissions had arrived definitively. This brought sharply into focus the International Energy Agency's proposed a "Bridge Scenario" which, it is claimed, could deliver a peak in energy-related emissions by 2020, relying solely on proven technologies and without changing economic development prospects of any region by virtue of five key initiatives: increased energy efficiency; the progressive reduction and phasing out of inefficient coal-fired power plants; phasing out fossil fuel subsidies by 2030; reducing methane emissions in oil and gas production; and increasing investment in renewable energy technologies from US$270 million in 2014 to US$400 billion in 2030. Second the declaration, following the confirmation of the International Atomic Energy Authority, on 15 January 2016 that Iran had satisfied the conditions for the implementation of the Joint Co-operation Plan of Action signaled the return of one of the world's few three million plus barrels per day suppliers of petroleum to the international market. The Iranian supply side impact paralleled with recurring concerns about the health of the Chinese economy and the impact on the demand side as the industry grappled to understand the longer term impact of the 30% downward lurch in the value of listed Chinese shares in July 2015. Thirdly, no doubt influenced by the above developments, the price of oil slumped to US$27 a barrel dispelling hopes of an early recovery in 2016 and raising existential fears for those in the industry focused on higher cost exploration and/or production segments of the industry such as deepwater, shale gas and tar sands/heavy oil. The North Sea, with a cost base in the US$50 to US$60 dollars a barrel range breathed in and held its breath. Although the OPEC nations committed not to raise production levels, it was clear that the current down turn was no simple repeat of 1986 and 1998 and different dynamics and forces were at large.

No abstract