Low stress tensile properties as measured by KESF instruments—hygral expansion, relaxation shrinkage, and the crimp of the yarns in a fabric—were determined for a pure wool fabric after each of a number of dyeing and finishing processes. The dyeing recipes and dyes cover the range for wool in industry. Dye-fiber interactions were evaluated by comparing the properties of dyed fabrics with those of blank dyed controls. Dyeing and finishing alter many mechanical and physical properties of a fabric by changing the crimp of its yams, due to stress relaxation of interyarn forces in the unfinished fabrics during processing. The degree to which the initial interyarn stresses are relaxed is also an important parameter. Acid and chrome dyes did not affect the resulting fabric properties, but reactive dyes often had a dramatic effect on changes that took place during piece dyeing. Reactive dye-fiber interactions altered fabric crimp as a result of dyeing. In turn, crimp differences affected the resulting crimp-dependent fabric properties—hygral expansion and low-stress tensile properties. The effect was resistant to decatizing. This result has beneficial implications for controlling hygral expansion.

TRIP steels containing Mn, Si, Al, Mo, and Nb have been examined using a laboratory simulation of a continuous hot dipped galvanizing line. The evolution of microstructure has been studied as the steel passes through the various stages of CG line processing. Tensile strengths approaching 800 MPa and ductilities approaching 30% have been achieved in the 1.5Mn-0.5Si- 1.0Al-0.015Mo-0.03Nb system.

The chemical composition of a wool fabric is determined after each of a variety of dyeing and finishing processes. The main concern is to observe the effect of dye-fiber interactions and dyeing recipe differences. Dyeing liquor pH and decatizing have a large influence on chemical composition. Reactive dyes react at histidine and cysteine sites, and affect the behavior of cystine during dyeing and both cysteine and cystine during decatizing. Low stress fabric mechanical properties are related to cysteine levels. It is clear that cysteine plays a role in fabric property changes during processing, possibly due to its importance in the thiol-disulphide interchange reaction, which is tions. This will also happen if chemical reaction, without crosslinking, has taken place. However, a molar reduction in all affected amino acids greater than the at UNIV OF PITTSBURGH on March 16, 2015 trj.sagepub.com Downloaded from