Mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) rDNA sequences elucidated phylogenetic relationships in Neonectria Wollenw. (anamorphs = Cylindrocarpon Wollenw.; Ascomycetes, Hypocreales). Twelve isolates representing seven species in five taxonomically informal groups of Neonectria were subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Fusarium inflexum R. Schneid. (teleomorph: Gibberella) and Nectria cinnabarina (Fr.) Fr. (= Nectria s.str.) were outgroups. All of the Neonectria species formed a strongly supported clade with respect to the outgroups, indicating a single ascomycete genus for the holomorphs of Cylindrocarpon. Within the Neonectria clade there were three well-supported subclades that only partially corresponded to phenotype-defined groups. DNA sequence divergence among the twelve Neonectria isolates, 2.3-7.4%, was sufficient to resolve them. The results suggest that the mtSSU rDNA region is appropriate for phylogenetic analysis of Neonectria and Cylindrocarpon. The following new combinations are proposed: Neonectria coronata, Neonectria discophora, Neonectria neomacrospora, Neonectria radicicola, Neonectria rugulosa, Neonectria veuillotiana.Résumé : Les séquences de la petite sous-unité du rADN mitochondrial (mtSSU) permettent de définir les relations phylogénétiques chez les Neonectria (anamorphe = Cylindrocarpon Wollenw.; Ascomycètes, Hypocréales). Les auteurs ont soumis 12 isolats, représentant sept espèces au sein de 5 groupes taxonomiquement informels du genre Neonectria, à l'analyse phylogénétique. Le Fusarium inflexum R. Schneid. (télémorphe : Gibberella) et le Nectria cinnabarina (Fr.) Fr. (= Nectria s.str.) sont des groupes étrangers. Toutes les espèces de Neonectria forment un clade fortement supporté par rapport aux groupes étrangers, ce qui suggère l'existence d'un genre ascomycète unique pour les holomorphes associés au Cylindrocarpon. Au sein du clade Neonectria, on retrouve trois sous-clades bien supportés qui ne correspondent que partiellement aux groupes définis par leurs phénotypes. La divergence de la séquence ADN parmi les 12 isolats du genre Neonectria étant de 2,3 à 7,4%, est suffisante pour toutes les résoudre. Les résultats suggèrent que la région mtSSU du rADN convient à l'analyse phylogénétique des Neonectria et Cylindrocarpon.
Dutch elm disease is caused by the fungal pathogen Ophiostoma novo-ulmi which is transmitted by the native elm bark beetle, Hylurgopinus rufipes. We have found that four semiochemicals (the monoterpene (-)-beta-pinene and the sesquiterpenes (-)-alpha-cubebene, (+)-spiroaxa-5,7-diene and (+)-delta-cadinene) from diseased American elms, Ulmus americana, synergistically attract H. rufipes, and that sesquiterpene emission is upregulated in elm trees inoculated with O. novo-ulmi. The fungus thus manipulates host trees to enhance their apparency to foraging beetles, a strategy that increases the probability of transportation of the pathogen to new hosts.
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