Full-body patient simulators provide the technology and the environment necessary for excellent clinical education while eliminating risk to the patient. The extension of simulator-based training into management of basic and critical situations in complex patient populations is natural. We describe the derivation of an infant cardiovascular model through the redefinition of a complete set of parameters for an existing adult model. Specifically, we document a stepwise parameter estimation process, explicit simplifying assumptions, and sources for these parameters. The simulated vital signs are within the target hemodynamic variables, and the simulated systemic arterial pressure wave form and left ventricular pressure volume loop are realistic. The system reacts appropriately to blood loss, and incorporation of aortic stenosis is straightforward. This infant cardiovascular model can form the basis for screen-based educational simulations. The model is also an essential step in attaining a full-body, model-driven infant simulator.

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A method has been developed for obtaining measurements of the systolic time intervals during uninterrupted graded exercise :n the upright position on a bicycle ergometer.The method has been applied to 112 subjects divided into 4 groups: two of normal subjects below and above the age of 40

This paper describes a multiple analog computer model of the uptake and distribution of the anesthetic agent halothane. The model consists of two interdependent loops, one representing the blood circulation and another representing the halothane transport. Cardiac output and regional conductances are influenced in relation to the concentration of halothane in some relevant compartment of the model. Computer generated curves are given to show the response of alveolar concentration, arterial pressure and cerebral blood flow to step and pulse changes in inspired concentration. For evaluation of the model, other variables than alveolar concentration, such as, arterial pressure and blood flow may often be more useful. The present model will be used to develop an automatic control system for the administration of anesthesia.