Selection from a phage display library derived from human Interleukin-2 (IL-2) yielded mutated variants with greatly enhanced display levels of the functional cytokine on filamentous phages. Introduction of a single amino acid replacement selected that way (K35E) increased the secretion levels of IL-2-containing fusion proteins from human transfected host cells up to 20-fold. Super-secreted (K35E) IL-2/Fc is biologically active in vitro and in vivo, has anti-tumor activity and exhibits a remarkable reduction in its aggregation propensity- the major manufacturability issue limiting IL-2 usefulness up to now. Improvement of secretion was also shown for a panel of IL-2-engineered variants with altered receptor binding properties, including a selective agonist and a super agonist that kept their unique properties. Our findings will improve developability of the growing family of IL-2-derived immunotherapeutic agents and could have a broader impact on the engineering of structurally related four-alpha-helix bundle cytokines.

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