IntroductionFrom adolescence, women have a 1.5 to 3 times higher risk than men of suffering from a depressive disorder. This risk increases in middle-aged of the life and even more in the transition period to menopause or perimenopause, when the depressive vulnerability becomes especially intense.ObjectivesTo know more about depression in perimenopause.AimsTo provide practitioners with accurate information about this condition thus helping to better recognition and treatment.Methodsa selective literature review on the topic is performed.ResultsHormonal, psychological and sociocultural factors have been suggested to understand the etiopathogeny of this condition. Treatment of depression in perimenopause is determined by the clinical severity and includes antidepressants, psychotherapy, and sometimes, hormone replacement therapy with estrogens.ConclusionsPerimenopausal depression is an underdiagnosed and poorly treated problem, which generates a high level of suffering and deserves greater attention by clinicians and health systems.
Recibido: 02/11/2012; aceptado con modificaciones: 11/05/2013 RESUMEN: A partir de la adolescencia, las mujeres presentan un riesgo 1'5 a 3 veces mayor que los hombres de padecer un trastorno depresivo. Este riesgo aumenta en el periodo de transición hacia la menopausia o perimenopausia, cuando la vulnerabilidad depresiva se hace especialmente intensa. Se han postulado mecanismos hormonales, psicológicos y socioculturales para entender la etiopatogenia de estos cuadros. El tratamiento de la depresión en la perimenopausia viene determinado por la gravedad clínica e incluye antidepresivos, psicoterapia y, en ocasiones, terapia hormonal sustitutiva mediante estrógenos. La depresión perimenopáusica constituye un problema infradiagnosticado e infratratado, que genera un alto nivel de sufrimiento y que merece una mayor atención por parte de los clínicos y el sistema sanitario. PALABRAS CLAVE: Depresión. Perimenopausia. Estrógenos.ABSTRACT: From adolescence, women have a 1.5 to 3 times higher risk than men of suffering from a depressive disorder. This risk increases in the transition period to menopause or perimenopause, when the depressive vulnerability becomes especially intense. Hormonal, psychological and sociocultural factors have been suggested to understand the etiopathogeny of these disorders. Treatment of depression in perimenopause is determined by clinical severity and includes antidepressants, psychotherapy, and sometimes, hormone replacement therapy with estrogens. Perimenopausal depression is an underdiagnosed and poorly treated problem, which generates a high level of suffering and deserves greater attention by clinicians and health systems. KEY WORDS: Depression. Perimenopause. Estrogens. IntroducciónLa tasa de síntomas depresivos en mujeres en la edad media de la vida oscila entre el 8 y 40 % (1,2); la mayor prevalencia de depresión en las mujeres que en los hombres es uno de los hallazgos mejor documentados de la epidemiología psiquiátrica, siendo, según algunos estudios, de 1,5 a 3 veces mayor en mujeres que en hombres para la depresión mayor, la distimia, la depresión breve recurrente y la depresión menor (3).Tradicionalmente, se asume que la transición a la menopausia, o perimenopausia, es una etapa de mayor vulnerabilidad, que parece asociarse a la aparición tanto de síntomas como de trastornos depresivos, particularmente si existen antecedentes personales o familiares. Se trata de un periodo en el que factores hormonales, culturales y sociofamiliares podrían ejercer una influencia "depresógena".
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