Differences exist in cerebrovascular reactivity in migraine patients with aura that may contribute to the neurologic disturbances in these patients during attack. We propose that there is disorder of myogenic cerebrovascular autoregulation in migraine patients with aura during headache-free intervals.

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It was hypothesized that dental anxiety, which leads to neurophysiologic alterations in heart rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure prior, during and subsequent to dental treatment, can be influenced by medical hypnosis. We report the positive impact from non-invasive hypno-sedation during dental implant surgery on a 54-year-old female patient who experienced neurophysiologic reactions as a result of the psychosomatic process of dental anxiety (dental anxiety scale value = 13). The neurophysiologic changes during dental surgery performed with and without hypnosis were compared after the patient underwent the same surgical treatment protocol. This case report was part of a study designed to evaluate hypnosis as a non-invasive therapy for dental-anxious patients over six sessions using subjective experience and objective parameters, which included electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram, heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation of the blood, respiration rate, salivary cortisol concentration and body temperature.

In recent years, the frequency of primary cerebral lymphoma (PCNSL) has increased, even among immunocompetent patients. In order to treat the disease optimally, early diagnosis is important. We present three patients with atypical courses of this disease and stress the importance of PCNSL in the differential diagnosis for optimal treatment. In a 75-year-old man, a space-occupying, radiopaque, enhancing CNS lesion disappeared completely after biopsy and short steroid therapy. One year later, the tumor recurred on the other side and again regressed after steroid therapy. The first biopsy showed signs of a papillary tumor, so a choroid plexus papilloma was suspected initially. A 57-year-old woman developed progressive bilateral hearing dysfunction. Lymphocytic pleocytosis led to a primary diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic meningitis. During the further course of disease, the patient developed multiple space-occupying cerebral lesions. Stereotactic biopsy revealed PCNSL. Despite combined chemo- and radiotherapy, a relapse occurred. A 49-year-old woman rapidly developed memory and concentration disturbances. Computed tomography revealed diffuse edema in both hemispheres and MRI detected severe, diffuse, white matter lesions. The CSF revealed lymphocytic pleocytosis including plasma cells. Herpes encephalitis and, after lack of clinical improvement and progression of the MRI changes, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) were suspected. Corticosteroid treatment was initiated. After enormous clinical improvement, a clinical relapse occurred and MRI detected bitemporal and singular space-occupying lesions in the corpus callosum and hypothalamus. Finally, open biopsy showed PCNSL. However, on examination of the treatment history of patient 1, the initial diagnosis must be revised; a PCNSL seems most probable. The phenomenon of tumor remission under steroid administration is rare. In patients 2 and 3, atypical clinical signs and symptoms delayed diagnosis of PCNSL. This tumor can mimic diverse neurological diseases and remit following corticosteroid treatment alone. In unclear cerebral disease, biopsy should be performed early for exact diagnosis and optimal treatment.