: Eugenol is a bioactive compound frequently available in many herbal plants. The different sources reported for eugenol are clove, cinnamon, holy basil, and pepper. There are several therapeutic activities reported for eugenol as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anesthetic, antiinflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, neuroprotective agent, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer agent. However, due to limited aqueous solubility they have poor bioavailability. Their therapeutic potential has been enhanced with the eugenol nano-formulations developed as liposome, nanoparticles, microemulsions and micelles. This article extensively reviews the chemical properties, pharmacological properties, andeugenol nano-formulations with their biological activity.

Background: The extensive search for a novel therapeutic agent against Alzheimer's Disease (AD) in medical and pharmaceutical research still continues. Despite a lot being explored about its therapeutics, there is still much more to learn in order to achieve promising therapeutic agents against ADAlzheimer's. Phytochemicals, especially secondary metabolites, are the major focus of the investigators for AD treatment. Objective: To describe major therapeutics targets of AD and the role of isothiocyanates (ITCs) in modulating these targets. Methods: Scientific databases, including Elsevier, Science Direct, Pub med, were explored. The explored literature was mainly journal publications on pathogenesis and targets of AD, and the effect of various ITCs in the modulation of these targets. Results: The major targets of AD include the Nrf-2/ARE signaling pathway, MAPKs pathway, GSK-3 signaling, and Ubiquitin-Protease system. ITCs, such as Sulforaphane, Allyl isothiocyanates, Moringin, 6-(methylsulfinyl) hexyl ITC, Phenethyl isothiocyanates, and Erucin, were reported to exert a protective effect against AD via modulating one of the several above mentioned targets. Conclusion: This article gives a detailed description of the therapeutic targets of AD and sheds light that phytochemicals, such as ITCs, can exert a protective effect against AD by targeting those pathways. However, properly designed research and clinical trials are required to include ITCs as a mainstream agent against AD.