Developing effective therapies against multiple myeloma (MM) is an unresolved challenge. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) activation may be associated with tumor progression and drug resistance, and inhibiting PI3K can induce apoptosis in MM cells. Thus, targeting of PI3K is predicted to increase the susceptibility of MM to anticancer therapy. The lead compound of a novel class of PI3K inhibitors, BAY80-6946 (IC50=0.5 nM against PI3K-α), was highly efficacious in four different MM cell lines, where it induced significant antitumoral effects in a dose-dependent manner. The compound inhibited cell cycle progression and increased apoptosis (P<0.001 compared with controls). Moreover, it abrogated the stimulation conferred by insulin-like growth-factor-1, a mechanism relevant for MM progression. These cellular effects were paralleled by decreased Akt phosphorylation, the main downstream target of PI3K. Likewise, profound antitumoral activity was observed ex vivo, as BAY80-6946 significantly inhibited proliferation of freshly isolated myeloma cells from three patients (P<0.001 compared with vehicle). In addition, BAY80-6946 showed convincing in vivo activity against the human AMO-1 and MOLP-8 myeloma cell lines in a preclinical murine xenograft model, where treatment with 6 mg/kg every other day for 2 weeks reduced the cell numbers by 87.0% and 69.3%, respectively (P<0.001 compared with vehicle), without overt toxicity in treated animals.

Human blood serum has been analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy utilizing the effect of background reduction by total reflexion of the incident X-ray beam on an optical flat as sample support. For sample preparation a drop of 10 serum was pipetted onto the support and dried to a thin film. The minimum detectable limit was about 1.5 mmol/1 in 1000 s and the precision in the 20 mmol/1 range of the metals was 3-5%. Bestimmung von Kupfer und Eisen in humanem Blutserum durch energiedispersiveRöntgenfluoreszenzanalyse Zusammenfassung: Der Metallgehalt in humanem Blutserum wurde mittels energiedispersiver Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse bestimmt, wobei zur Verminderung des Untergrundes der Effekt der Totalreflexion der anregenden Röntgenstrahlung an einem hochebenen Probenträger aus Quarzglas ausgenutzt wurde. Zur Probenherstellung wurde ein Tropfen von 10 jul Serum auf den Probenträger pipettiert und zu einem dünnen Film getrocknet. Die Nachweisgrenze lag unter l ,5 mmol/1 in 1000 s und die Reproduzierbarkeit bei einem mittleren Metallgehalt von etwa 20 mmol/1 betrug 3-5%.