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We present measurements proving the successive excitation of two distinct instabilities by electron beam–plasma interaction along a plasma column. The first, appearing near the gun, grows in space, until the beam is trapped in the wave electric field, and decays. In this process the time-averaged distribution function changes, from a δ-type distribution function, into a plateau. This new beam–plasma distribution is also unstable; and another instability grows until the beam is again trapped. Numerical calculations show that the second instability can be explained, assuming that the beam distribution thermalizes when propagating from the first instability to the second.

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