In this paper we report the use of immunological methods for specifically detecting and determining proteoglycan in cartilage and other connective tissues. Antibodies (polyclonal and monoclonal) have been raised against specific components of cartilage proteoglycan aggregates (i.e., proteoglycan monomer and link protein). Radioimmunoassay procedures and immunohistochemical procedures have been developed and used to demonstrate the occurrence of cartilage-like proteoglycan and link protein in bovine aorta. Similarly, immunofluorescent studies have been used to analyze proteoglycan distribution in skin. Using antibodies specific for chondroitin-4-sulfated proteoglycan, their presence was demonstrated in dermal connective tissue and connective tissue surrounding nerve and muscle sheaths. However, chondroitin-4-sulfated proteoglycan was completely absent in the epidermis of skin and areas surrounding invaginating hair follicles. These immunological procedures are currently being used to complement conventional biochemical analyses of proteoglycans found in different connective tissue matrices.

This book provides a concise introduction to the history of the main institutions and doctrines of English law, from the earliest times to the present. It retains the structure of the fourth edition (2003) but has been heavily revised to take account of recent research and thinking on the topics addressed. Citations of the companion source-book, Baker and Milsom, have all been amended to refer to the enlarged second edition (2010). The concentration is on the common law rather than on the many statutory regimes and reforms of the last two centuries, but stories begun in earlier periods have been carried through in outline to the present.

Whenever it is our intention to study objects that are visible with the light-microscope, it is reasonable to start with the living cell, to study the effects of fixation on its visible constituents, to analyse their composition by cytochemical methods, and then to explore their fine structure by the use of the electron microscope. A manysided attack of this sort on a single kind of cell is much more likely to give valuable results than the independent study of different kinds of cells by different kinds of cytologists.

Magna Carta was largely ineffective for practical purposes between the fourteenth century and the sixteenth, late-medieval law lectures giving no hint of its later importance. A treatise by William Fleetwood (c.1558) was still in the traditional mould, but the lectures of the 'Puritan' barrister and MP Robert Snagge in 1581, and the speeches and tracts of his colleagues, advocated new uses for it. After centuries of oblivion, in 1587 there were eight reported cases in which chapter 29 was cited. Sir Edward Coke made extensive claims for chapter 29, linking it with habeas corpus, and then as a judge (1606–16) he deployed it with effect in challenging encroachments on the common law and the liberty of the subject. This book ends in 1616 with the lectures of Francis Ashley, summarising the effects of the new learning, and then Coke's dismissal for pushing his case too hard. A challenging new account.

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