RESUMEN El valle de Azapa, uno de los valles costeros de la XV Región de Arica y Parinacota, en el extremo norte de Chile, presenta condi-ciones climáticas excepcionales para el cultivo de hortalizas durante todo el año, siendo el principal proveedor de hortalizas de la zona central durante el invierno. El alto costo de la tierra y escasa disponibilidad de agua ha incentivado las mejoras tecnológicas en los procesos de producción para mantener esta actividad sustentable en el tiempo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la tenencia de tierra por tamaño de explotación y el número de acciones de agua asociados a la explotación de pequeños y medianos agricultores del valle de Azapa. Para ello se realizó una encuesta en una muestra correspondiente al 5% de los agricultores del valle de Azapa. Los resultados indican que el 27% de los agricultores encuestados tiene menos de una acción de agua por ha; 35% tiene más de una acción de agua por ha y el 38% tiene una acción de agua por ha. Palabras clave: acciones de agua, PYME, explotación, primor ABSTRACT Azapa is one of the coastal valleys of Arica and Parinacota region, in the extreme north of Chile, that presents exceptional climatic conditions for the cultivation of vegetables off season, being the main supplier of vegetables in the Central area during the winter. The high cost of land and little water availability has encouraged technological improvements in production processes to maintain this sustainable activity over time. The aim of this study was to describe the land tenure by farm size and the number of shares of water associated with the exploitation of small and medium farmers in Azapa Valley. For this, a survey was conducted on a sample corresponding to the 5% of farmers of Azapa valley. The results indicate that 27% of farmers surveyed have less of an action of water per hectare; 35% have more than one share of water per hectare and 38% have an action of water per hectare. B. NOTAS CIENTÍFICAS Introducción La actividad agrícola en la Región de Arica y Parinacota se desarrolla principalmente en los valles costeros destacando el valle de Azapa por superficie cultivada, intensificación cultural, diversificación de cultivos y cercanía a la ciudad. Espina (1971) en el estudio agroeconómico solicitado por la Junta de Adelanto de Arica (JAA) determinó la producción, organización, manejo y comercialización de la agricultura del valle de Azapa. Los principales resultados de este estudio demuestran que la situación del valle no ha variado mucho en los últimos 43 años respecto del manejo cultural que impide desarrollar todo el potencial productivo de recursos como la tierra y el agua. La productividad ha mejorado significativamente cuadruplicando los rendimientos medios en torno a 30 t ha-1 de principios de los años 70. Sin embargo, la introducción de sistemas de riego más eficientes, pasando del riego por caracol a riego por goteo, ha sido insuficiente para mejorar la eficiencia hídrica y la sustentabilidad del recurso hídrico. Esto debido a que las tecnologías...
This article examines the extent to which protected infrastructure is associated with greater diversity and normalisation of cycling. In the UK, cyclists are predominantly male and often wear distinctive cycle clothing rather than everyday clothes. This is not the case in higher-cycling countries such as the Netherlands and Germany. It has been argued that the UK's demographic skewing may be partly due to poor quality infrastructure which can be off-putting for many, but particularly for women, children and older people. Route choice studies tend to confirm that women are more likely than men to choose routes with greater levels of separation from motor traffic. Other work suggests that if cycling feels unsafe, cyclists may wear specialised cycle clothing such as helmets, which then may itself support a perception of cycling as dangerous.This small-scale exploratory study examines age, gender, and use of specialist clothing in relation to infrastructure type, comparing a recently improved route with separate space for cyclists to parallel busy streets without protected cycle infrastructure. The separated route showed better, though still unequal, demographic balance and a reduced tendency for cyclists to wear helmets and sporty clothing, though not high-visibility items. Infrastructure type is only one factor in route choice, particularly if there is relatively little good infrastructure along key desire lines. However this paper suggests that infrastructure for cycling could help to improve perceptions of safety and the need to wear specialist cycle clothing. In turn this could promote a better demographic balance and normalise cycling.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.