Purpose To investigate the effect of intracameral injection of triamcinolone acetonide on the corneal endothelium in rabbit eyes. Methods Triamcinolone acetonide (40 mg/ml, 0.2 cm 3 ) after filtering and resuspension in balanced salt solution (BSS) was injected intracamerally for 3 min into 10 rabbit eyes and irrigated with 5 cm 3 of BSS. Triamcinolone without resuspension and BSS were injected, respectively, into five rabbit eyes. Endothelial toxicity was evaluated and compared by measurements of endothelial cell counts and central corneal thickness. The endothelial viability was determined using vital staining with alizarin red and trypan blue at 2 h after injection. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed in one cornea from each group. Results Endothelial cell counts and central corneal thickness following intracameral injection of triamcinolone acetonide did not significantly change when compared to controls. The mean percentage of viable endothelial cells was 99.50, 99.52, and 99.49% in the resuspended triamcinolone group, triamcinolone without resuspension group, and BSS group, respectively (P ¼ 0.46, Kruskall-Wallis test). But SEM showed reduced microvilli of endothelial surface in an eye of the triamcinolone without resuspension group. Conclusions The intracameral injection of triamcinolone acetonide did not induce a significant visable change of endothelium in rabbit eyes. However, ultrastructural villi changes observed suggest a possibility of microstructural damages in endothelium with triamcinolone acetonide injection when used without filtering and resuspension.

Aims: To evaluate in vivo fibroplasia and biological stability of porous polymers intended for use in the Seoul-type keratoprosthesis (S-KPro). Methods: Four porous polymers (polypropylene, two kinds of polyethylene terephthalate (PE70 and PE50), and polyurethane) were investigated. Discs of polymers were inserted into the corneal stroma of rabbits for a 2 and 5 month period. Corneal oedema and neovascularisation were evaluated. The fibroplasia and collagen deposition were examined under light and transmission electron microscopy. S-KPros, whose skirt was made of four types of polymer, were implanted into the rabbits' eyes. The retention time and complications were evaluated. Results: Neovascularisation and corneal oedema were found in all of the disc inserted eyes, but the corneal oedema subsided within 2 months in most of the eyes. The mean number of fibroblasts increased significantly in polypropylene and PE50 disc inserted eyes compared with polyurethane disc inserted eyes. Plentiful collagen deposition was also found in both polypropylene and PE50 disc inserted eyes. Mean retention time in the polypropylene SK-Pro implanted eyes was longer than that of the other eyes (20.7 weeks). The PE70 skirt induced corneal melting around the prosthesis. Conclusion: Polypropylene encourages fibroblast ingrowth and shows good biological stability when used as a skirt material in S-KPro.T he most common problem associated with keratoprosthesis (KPro) implantation results from an inadequate integration between the peripheral edge of the device and the residual rim of the host cornea. From the time that Barber first examined cellular ingrowth into the carbon fibre Teflon composite Propoplast in interlamellar pockets, 1 many different materials intended for use in a KPro have been evaluated as to their biocompatibility, especially with respect to fibroplasia. 2-5The Seoul-type keratoprosthesis (S-KPro) which is composed of a PMMA cylinder and a porous polymer skirt is being developed in our laboratory.6 A major characteristic of the S-KPro is a double fixed design, which includes the anchoring sutures of a skirt to the cornea and ab internal scleral fixation of the haptics, which synergistically improves the mechanical biostability (Fig 1). Therefore, the skirt, which is anchored to the cornea, does not need to serve as a strong support. An adequate coaptation with the surrounding cornea is emphasised in our model rather than a role as a support. We are currently attempting to find a material that enhances fibroblast migration even though it may have low tensile strength. Initially, polyurethane was used for the S-KPro skirt, because the fabrication of its pore size is easily controlled to allow fibroblast invasion.7 However, the polyurethane skirt was found to degenerate in a keratoprosthetic human eye after a long period. Therefore, we tried to find another porous material, which is biologically stable and allows more fibroblast invasion than polyurethane. Our goal was to compare the biological response, especially the fi...

We reviewed the results of posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCL) implantation following scleral tunnel incision and phacoemulsification (PE) in 28 eyes with uveitis. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved in 89% of eyes and the final BCVA was 20/40 or better in 64% of eyes. Intraoperative complication was a posterior capsular break (3 eyes). Postoperative complications were microcorneal edema (4 eyes), anterior chamber hyphema (3 eyes), posterior capsular opacity (3 eyes), fibrinous pupillary membrane (2 eyes), iris posterior synechia (2 eyes), neovascular glaucoma (1 eye), and retinal detachment (1 eye). In two eyes of three aftercataracts, visual improvement was achieved by Nd: YAG capsulotomy. A well-planned PE and PCL implantation through scleral tunnel in uveitis was not much more dangerous than expected.

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Funding Acknowledgements This study was supported by the grant of CJ healthcare 2016 research fund. Background Liver cirrhosis (LC) has been known to affect cardiovascular performance. Limited study have evaluated the alteration of myocardial function in patients with LC after liver transplantation (LT). Purpose The aim of study was to evaluate changes of cardiac function in patients with cirrhosis following LT using conventional and speckle-tracking echocardiography and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) of cardiac magnetic resonance (MR). Methods Thirty-five patients with cirrhosis (mean age, 57.1 ± 9.0; male, 75%) who were listed for LT were prospectively enrolled. Patients underwent conventional, speckle-tracking echocardiography, and cardiac MR imaging with LGE. Echocardiography and cardiac MR were performed at pre and 1 year after LT. Cirrhotic patients were compared with normal control (n = 20, mean age, 65.0 ± 14.8; men, 11(55%)) and echocardiographic and cardiac MR data were compared pre and post LT. Results Conventional and speckle-tracking echocardiography and Cardiac MR imaging demonstrated hyperdynamic left ventricular (LV) function in patients with cirrhosis (LV ejection fraction (EF) with cardiac MR 67.8 ± 7.0% in LC vs. 63.4 ± 6.4% in control, P = 0.028; global longitudinal strain (GLS) -24.3 ± 2.6% in LC vs. -18.6 ± 2.2% in control, P < 0.001). There were no LGE in patients with cirrhosis and no significant differences in LV size, LV wall thickness, LV mass index, and diastolic function between cirrhotic patients and control group (all P > 0.1). Corrected QT interval (QTc) in electrocardiogram was prolonged in LC patients (P < 0.001). One-year after LT, LV end-diastolic diameter and LV end-diastolic volume significantly decreased (P = 0.016 and 0.022, respectively). Although LVEF showed no significant changes 1 year post-LT (P = 0.362), LV-GLS (from -24.7 ± 1.8% to -20.8 ± 3.4%, P < 0.001) significantly decreased. QTc interval also decreased 1 year after LT (from 470.4 ± 29.6msec to 428.2 ± 31.6msec, P = 0.001). Conclusions The present study demonstrated that cirrhotic patients showed hyperdynamic circulation and prolonged QTc interval compared with normal controls. After 1 year LT, LV size reduced and augmented LV function was normalized. Given that no LGE in cardiac MR and normalized GLS and QTc after LT, cardiac dysfunction in LC patients could be reversed by LT.