Skin cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer worldwide and its early detection its key to achieve an effective treatment of the lesion. Commonly, skin cancer diagnosis is based on dermatologist expertise and pathological assessment of biopsies. Although there are diagnosis aid systems based on morphological processing algorithms using conventional imaging, currently, these systems have reached their limit and are not able to outperform dermatologists. In this sense, hyperspectral (HS) imaging (HSI) arises as a new non-invasive technology able to facilitate the detection and classification of pigmented skin lesions (PSLs), employing the spectral properties of the captured sample within and beyond the human eye capabilities. This paper presents a research carried out to develop a dermatological acquisition system based on HSI, employing 125 spectral bands captured between 450 and 950 nm. A database composed of 76 HS PSL images from 61 patients was obtained and labeled and classified into benign and malignant classes. A processing framework is proposed for the automatic identification and classification of the PSL based on a combination of unsupervised and supervised algorithms. Sensitivity and specificity results of 87.5% and 100%, respectively, were obtained in the discrimination of malignant and benign PSLs. This preliminary study demonstrates, as a proof-of-concept, the potential of HSI technology to assist dermatologists in the discrimination of benign and malignant PSLs during clinical routine practice using a real-time and non-invasive hand-held device.
The 2.4-km run and 20-m multistage fitness test (20MSFT) are common aerobic fitness tests in law enforcement. Previous research analyzed relationships between these tests in recruits, and indicated limited transferability due to disparate demands (direction changes, running intensity). However, the correlations between 2.4-km run and 20MSFT in recruits postacademy training may be different, where recruits should be fitter and able to complete highintensity running efforts. This study documented changes in and relationships between the 2.4km run and 20MSFT in law enforcement recruits post-academy training. Retrospective analysis on six academy classes (276 males, 50 females) from one agency was conducted. The 20MSFT and 2.4-km run were completed pre-and post-academy training. Estimated V O2max was derived from 2.4-km run time and the 20MSFT shuttle number. Paired-samples t-tests ascertained whether the 2.4-km run and 20MSFT improved post-academy. Correlations and linear regression derived relationships between the 2.4-km run and 20MSFT. Recruits improved in the 2.4-km run and 20MSFT (p < 0.01). There were significant correlations between the 2.4km run and 20MSFT for all recruits (r = -0.49), males (r = -0.48), and females (r = -0.29).However, the regression equations for all recruits (r 2 = 0.24), males (r 2 = 0.23) and females (r 2 = 0.08) were low. The results suggested there were disparate aspects to the 2.4-km run and 20MSFT in law enforcement recruits post-academy. Even though aerobic fitness improved, there are likely other aspects important to the 20MSFT not developed during academy (changeof-direction ability, high-intensity running). This could have impact the between-test relationship.
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