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Originally geotechnical engineering is connected with ground with rock and soil environment, focused on geotechnical structures which are in interaction with ground, and therefore we often speak about construction on, with or in ground. However, during last decades, especially with increasing focus on environment protection, geotechnical engineering is dealing also with other materials, denoted as alternative aggregates. They are mostly a byproduct of mining or industrial activities for which a method of future use is being sought. Typical examples are fly ash, construction and demolition waste, slag and different tails from chemical treatment of target ores which have similar character as natural soil and are produced in large volumes. Therefore, there is legitimate question about their possible use in earth structures, preferably of transport engineering. If external circumstances (e.g. distance of origin from the place of use) are favourable, geotechnical engineering is focused on two basic aspects - on possible negative impact on environment due the chemical composition of leachate or on structural stability. If there is no opportunity for their further use we have to guarantee safe deposition. In this case we are speaking about earth structures of environmental engineering as tailing dams, spoil heaps, landfills and are responsible for their safety. The paper is therefore focused on three main problems: Utilization of alternative aggregates (e.g. large volume waste) in transport engineering; Problems of earth structures of environmental engineering, where large volume waste is stored, as e.g. tailing dams and Structural collapse of tails studied in micro scale in laboratory.

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