Even chain sodium alkanesulfonates from the Strecker reaction, odd chain sodium alkanesulfonates from the alkaline decarboxylation of ॅ‐sulfo acids, and sodium 1‐hydroxy‐2‐alkanesulfonates from the reduction of esters of ॅ‐sulfo acids were compared with respect to Krafft point, critical micelle concentration, detergency and foam height. Sodium alkanesulfonates and crude fusion products from the ॅ‐sulfo acids (mixtures of alkanesulfonates of one less carbon atom with a lesser amount of a soap of two less carbon atoms) are more soluble and have better detergent and foaming properties. Sodium 1‐hydroxy‐2‐alkanesulfonates resemble monosodium salts of ॅ‐sulfo acids.Alkanesulfonic acids and 1‐hydroxy‐2‐alkane‐sulfonic acids obtained from the sodium salts by ion exchange have lower Krafft points and are more readily soluble. The critical micelle concentrations of 1‐hydroxy‐2‐alkanesulfonic acids and ॅ‐sulfo acids are nearly the same and about equal to those of alkanesulfonic acids of one less carbon atom.

A series of esters of the general formula RCH(SO3Na)‐CO2R′ of 14–19 carbon atoms prepared by the α‐sulfonation of propionic, butyric, pelargonic, lauric, myristic, palmitie, and stearic acids and esterification with normal primary alcohols were compared for critical micelle concentration, surface and interfacial tension, Ca++ stability, wetting properties, foam height, detergency, and lime soap dispersing properties. Comparison of position isomers showed that as the hydrophilic portion moved from the center toward either end, cmc and wetting efficiency decreased, surface and interfacial tension increased, and Ca++ stability and lime soap dispersing properties improved. A coconut oil fatty acid forerun sulfonated with SO3 vapor and esterified with 2‐ethylhexanol gave a product with useful wetting properties in soft and hard water.

A series of amphoteric surfactants was prepared by the reaction of 1,3-propanesultone with fat derived primary amines, N-methylalkylamines, N,N-dimethylalkylamines, and N-acyl-N',N'-dimethyl-l,3-propane-diamines. Both mono-and disulfopropylated derivatives of the primary amines were synthesized. All compounds were found to be excellent lime soap dispersing agents. The quaternary sulfobetaines were found to possess the best detergency properties both by themselves and when formulated with tallow soap with or without sodium silicate builder. The detergency performance of such formulations is ca. the same as that of a commercial phosphate-built detergent.of propanesultone in the presence of sodium methoxide to form the corresponding disulfopropylated compound. CH2-CH 2 RNHCH2CH2CH2SO3Na+NaOCH3+ I ~SO 2 CH2--O / RN(CH2CH2CH2SO3Na)2 + CH3OH A monosulfopropylated derivative was readily derived from an N-methylalkylamine. CH2-CH2 \ RNHCH 3 + [ SO 2 ~ RI~H(CH3)CH2CH2CH2SO 3-CH 2 --0 /

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The reaction of 1,2-butylene oxide with fatty alcohols of 12 to 18 carbon atoms was investigated and products were compared with those from the propylene oxide reaction. A 60% yield of the first derivative was obtained for the butylene oxide reaction compared with a maximum yield of 50% for the propylene oxide reaction. First and second derivatives were fractionally distilled from the reaction mixtures and characterized as pure ether alcohols and their acetates.Sulfation of the pure ether alcohols permitted some interesting comparisons of the effect of structural change on surface active properties. Oxybutylation gave slightly greater solubility increases than oxypropy]ation and both reactions were more effective than oxyethylation. Dioxyalkylated products had lower Krafft points than monooxyalkylated products. A low degree of oxyalkylation had only minor effects on the detergency of alcohol sulfates but polyoxybutylation caused significant reductions in foam height for the 16 and 18 carbon alcohol sulfates. Critical mieelle concentration was reduced both by increasing degree of oxyalkylation and molecular weight of epoxide. All of the ether alcohol sulfates were effective lime soap dispersing agents.