Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are considered urgent antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threats. The vast majority of CRE research has focused on carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) even though noncarbapenemase-producing CRE (non-CP-CRE) comprise 50% or more of isolates in some surveillance studies.

Conclusion: S. epidermidis bacteraemia was caused by a genetically heterogeneous group of organisms, but only a limited number of STsdparticularly multidrug-resistant ST2 and ST5 strainsdcaused complicated infections.

Stem cell factor (SCF) is developmentally critical for melanocyte migration, differentiation, and survival. Recently, SCF expression in hair shaft progenitor cells has been shown to be absolutely required for the pigmentation in hair shafts, as evidenced by the complete loss of hair pigmentation in mice without SCF in these epithelial cells. Interestingly, this fully disruption of hair pigmentation only targets melanogenic mature monocytes in the upper hair bulb, but not melanocyte precursors below. This shows an important role of SCF in the determination of mature melanocytes to their destination. Here we report that the skin pigmentation in the dermis layer appears to follow the same mechanism for the distribution of dermal melanocytes. We employed multiple cell-type specific Scf knockout mice to characterize the sources and contribution of SCF to dermal pigmentation. Our results show that dermal melanocytes are also sustained by SCF. However, in contrast to hair pigmentation, dermal pigmentation appears to be supported by SCF expression in a selective population of dermal cells. This study reveals a faithful distribution of melanogenic melanocytes in distinct skin compartments guided by selective populations of SCF expressing cells. Our findings suggest that manipulation of SCF expression in the skin cells might be a potential target to manage hyper-or hypo-pigmented skin manifestations in clinic.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are an emerging class of RNAs with diverse functions. We previously described human papillomavirus derived circRNAs with transforming activity. Here, we describe circular RNAs encoded by Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV), including two that are circular forms of the previously described alternative open reading frame (ALTO) gene in the early region of MCPyV (circALTO1 and circALTO2). CircALTOs can readily be detected MCPyV-positive Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) by both inverse PCR and northern blot. Both circALTOs contain the ALTO open reading frame and are able to ALTO peptides. CircALTOs are stable, predominantly located in the cytoplasm, and modified with N 6-methyladenosine (m6A). Thus, we describe the first known polyomavirus-encoded circRNAs (circALTO1/2), which encode for proteins, and may contribute to both MCPyV replication and MCC tumorigenesis. 110 RNA expression analysis in stage IVA-B cutaneous T-cell lymphoma to identify novel biomarkers of prognosis and diagnosis

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common form of non-melanoma skin cancer, causing as many deaths yearly as melanoma in the United States. However, there are limited reliable biomarkers to predict its biological behavior and clinical outcome. The cell division cycle 20 (CDC20) has recently been reported to play a role in cancer progression. But its clinical significance in cSCC has not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate whether CDC20 was involved in the tumorigenesis of cSCC. We firstly analyzed relative CDC20 mRNA level in two GEO microarray data using GEO2R. In GSE32628, CDC20 mRNA level is significantly higher in precancerous actinic keratoses (AK) (n¼13, p¼0.016) and cSCC (n¼13, p¼0.0007) than the paired normal skin (n¼13). In GSE45216, CDC20 expression was significantly higher in well-differentiated cSCC (n¼15, p¼0.0205), and moderately/poorly differentiated cSCC (n¼15, p¼0.0003) than in AK (n¼10). We then tested the CDC20 expression in 21 paired cSCC and corresponding normal tissues using immunohistochemical staining, and subsequent semiquantitative analysis of the IHC results confirmed increased CDC20 expression in cSCC tissues (n¼21, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, we detected CDC20 expression in 144 samples with different pathological stage. The result showed higher CDC20 in cSCC in situ (n¼27, p < 0.0001), well-differentiated cSCC (n¼29, p < 0.0001), and moderately/poorly differentiated cSCC (n¼25, p < 0.0001) than in normal skin (n¼32) and correlated well with disease progression. CDC20 expression is very low in normal intact skin and is significantly increased in cSCC tumor cells, suggesting it can work as a biomarker for cSCC. Furthermore, elevated expression of CDC20 in both AK and cSCC in situ indicate the induction of CDC20 expression is an early event in cSCC development. However, we didn't have any follow-up data from our patients, so we can't draw any conclusion about the prognosis value of CDC20.