This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT AbstractIn establishing the reliability of performance-related design methods for concrete -which are relevant for resistance against chloride-induced corrosion -long-term experience of local materials and practices and detailed knowledge of the ambient and local micro-climate are critical. Furthermore, in the development of analytical models for performance-based design, calibration against test data representative of actual conditions in practice is required. To this end, the current study presents results from full-scale, concrete pier-stems under long-term exposure to a marine environment with work focussing on XS2 (below mid-tide level) in which the concrete is regarded as fully saturated and XS3 (tidal, splash and spray) in which the concrete is in an unsaturated condition. These exposures represent zones where concrete structures are most susceptible to ionic ingress and deterioration. Chloride profiles and chloride transport behaviour are studied using both an empirical model (erfc function) and a physical model (ClinConc). The time dependency of surface chloride concentration (C s ) and apparent diffusivity (D a ) were established for the empirical model whereas, in the ClinConc model (originally based on saturated concrete), two new environmental factors were introduced for the XS3 environmental exposure zone. Although the XS3 is considered as one environmental exposure zone according to BS EN 206-1:2013, the work has highlighted that even within this zone, significant changes in chloride ingress are evident. This study aims to update the parameters of both models for predicting the long term transport behaviour of concrete subjected to environmental exposure classes XS2 and XS3.Keywords: concrete, full-scale testing, marine environment, modelling, durability, IntroductionThe most predominant process associated with reinforced concrete deterioration is the ingress of water contaminated with chloride either from deicing salt used for snow and ice control on roads for winter maintenance purposes or from the marine environment where, for example, bridges span tidal estuaries. Because the use of deicing salt is likely to continue for the foreseeable future, and concrete structures will always be placed in, or near, the marine environment, little can be done to prevent structures from being exposed to chloride salts.The premature deterioration of concrete structures due to chloride ingress and subsequent corrosion of the steel reinforcement is a world-wide problem and imparts a significant drain...