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International observational cohort study reports 68% mortality in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in ICU patients with solid organ transplantation.

This study is concerned with the detection of estrogen receptors in rat liver cell fractions under the influence of different cations from the periodic groups I and II. An unexpected relationship between the concentrations of receptors in the 10,000 g cell fraction and the ionic radius of these cations is reported here.The 10,000 g cell fraction was prepared in the following manner: rat liver was perfused before homogenization with buffer -10 mmol/1 tris plus 0-130 mmol/1 appropriate alkali or alkali earth metal chloride at pH 8.5 [ionic radii ( ): Li+, 0.6; Mg2 + , 0.65; Na + , 0.95: Ca2 + , 0.99; K + , 1.33]. After removal of the 4,000 g sediment (4,000 g for 20 min), the supernatant was centrifuged for a fur¬ ther 20 min at 10,000 g. The 10,000 g pellet was resuspended in the same buffer and resedimented by the same procedure. Finally the pellet was suspended in 10 mmol/1 tris -15 mmol/1 EDTA -1 mmol/1 dithioerythritol, pH 7.4. Aliquots of the cell fraction were incubated with 2 IO"8 mol/1 tritiated estradiol for 90 min at 0°C. Particulate matter was separated from free estradiol by membrane filtration and washing. In addition to the expected finding that ionic charge influenced the distribution of the receptor between the various cell fractions, it was found that the measurable concentration of receptors in the 10,000 g cell fraction depended solely on the ionic radius. The relationship between estrogen receptor concentration in this cell fraction and ionic radius was quadratic (Figure). Li Mg lotir adiusCompetition studies with other estrogens and steroid hormones confirmed that the binding was as would be expected for an estrogen receptor. Ethynyl estradiol, diethylstilbestrol and monohydroxytamoxifen all competed, whereas dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, aldosterone and corticoste¬ rone exhibited no or very little displacement of the labeled steroid. Dissociation constants were in the nanomolar range, with the exception of fractions containing calcium, where they were much lower. No such dependence was found in either the 4,000 g, 100,000 g or cytosolic cell fraction.176. Effect of lisuride and cyproterone acetate on the prostatic androgen receptor of hypophysectomized rats

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