A controlled field pilot has been developed in Bozeman, Montana, USA, to study near surface CO 2 transport and detection technologies. A slotted horizontal well divided into six zones was installed in the shallow subsurface. The scale and CO 2 release rates were chosen to be relevant to developing monitoring strategies for geological carbon storage. The field site was characterized before injection, and CO 2 transport and concentrations in saturated soil and the vadose zone were modeled. Controlled releases of CO 2 from the horizontal well were performed in the summers of 2007 and 2008, and collaborators from six national labs, three universities, and the U.S. Geological Survey investigated movement of CO 2 through the soil, water, plants, and air with a wide range of near surface detection techniques. An overview of these results will be presented.

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Mr. Morton. delivered directly into his precipitation-tanks. With regard to the use of snifting-valves on large pumps, the statement in the Paper (p. 235) was perhaps too universal, and he was quite willing to say, " were often fitted." I n sewage-pumps the snifting-valve was very useful, but there was no necessity to use it t o such an extent as to seriously reduce the displacement efficiency of the pumps. The pumps described in his Paper could run quite well without snifting-valves. The question as to the efficiencies when the snifting-valves were open was fully answered a t the foot of p. 235. The trials carried out with the engines had been made scrupulously under working-conditions, with ordinary fuel, and without special preparation.