A 12-inch-diameter, continuous electrofluid reactor was built to investigate the production of synthesis gas from coal char and steam. Some initial runs were made. The system has operated reasonably well and the results of gasification have been similar to those obtained with other systems. However, further investigation is needed, particularly concerning the electrical properties of the system. Disciplines Complex Fluids | Other Chemical Engineering | Petroleum Engineering CommentsReprinted (adapted) with permission from Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev., 1970, 9 (3), pp 460-465.A 12-inch-diameter, continuous electrofluid reactor was built to investigate the production of synthesis gas from coal char and steam. Some initial runs were made. The system has operated reasonably well and the results of gasification have been similar to those obtained with other systems. However, further investigation is needed, particularly concerning the electrical properties of the system.

A sampling device was constructed to extract undisturbed cores of soil or similar material at angles between 0 and 90° from the vertical. The sampler consisted of a hydraulic cylinder suspended from an arm of a backhoe. Undisturbed cores (76‐mm in ht. by 76‐mm in diam.) were collected in metal rings, which were inserted into a Uhland‐type sample holder. The hydraulic cylinder pushed the sample holder into the soil material and also extracted it. Twenty‐five undisturbed, inclined cores could be collected with this device in 3 hr by three people. Saturated hydraulic conductivity was measured on 120 saprolite cores using a double‐ring permeameter to assess boundary flow. No boundary flow was detected between the sample ring and core edge. Examination of the cores' internal fabric, as seen in thin sections made from each of the 120 cores, confirmed that the cores were virtually undisturbed.

ignored when determining the relative nutritive ratio and factor of digestibility.Edward Gudeman.Chicago, III.

We developed four working, scale demonstration models of on-site septic tank-soil absorption systems for use with both extension and resident eduction audiences. These include models of the conventional septic tank system and three alternatives: the low pressure pipe, sand mound, and recirculating sand filter systems. This article describes each system, the associated model, and the ways we have used these devices in our educational program in a number of extension and classroom settings. Water added to the septic tank of the models can be observed as it flows through the system and into the underlying soil. The most appropriate uses of the models are for demonstrations to small groups of 25 to 30 people, for training sessions, or for staffed exhibits. They are less effective as stand-alone displays. In a classroom evaluation, students responded very positively to use of the models.

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