Nineteen cashew accessions were analysed with 50 random primers, 12 ISSR primers and 6 AFLP primer pairs to compare the efficiency and utility of these techniques for detecting variation in cashew germplasm. Each marker system could discriminate between all of the accessions, albeit with varied efficiency of polymorphism detection. AFLP exhibited maximum discrimination efficiency with a genotype index of 1. The utility of each molecular marker technique, expressed as marker index, was estimated as a function of average band informativeness and effective multiplex ratio. Marker index was calculated to be more than 10 times higher in AFLP than in RAPD and ISSR. Similarity matrices were determined based on the data generated by molecular and morphometric analyses, and compared for congruency. AFLP displayed no correspondence with RAPD and ISSR. Correlation between ISSR and RAPD similarity matrices was low but significant (r = 0.63; p < 0.005). The similarity matrix based on morphometric markers exhibited no correlation with any of the molecular markers. AFLP, with its superior marker utility, was concluded to be the marker of choice for cashew genetic analysis.

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RAPD analysis was carried out on 52 accessions of Solanum melongena (eggplant) and related weedy forms known as "insanum". Twenty-two primers amplified 130 fragments. Solanum melongena exhibited 117 of the fragments, all of which were also present in insanum. Insanum displayed an additional 13 fragments not found in S. melongena. Overall, the insanum accessions were more diverse than those of S. melongena. The calculated similarity between them was 0.947. The RAPD results were closely concordant with the results of an electrophoretic isozyme survey performed on the same accessions. The concordance of the results shows that even though S. melongena and insanum are highly diverse morphologically, it is no longer appropriate to distinguish them taxonomically.

Monoecious bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L. var. minima and maxima Williams & Ng), a cucurbit of major economic importance, is widely cultivated in India, China, Africa, and South America. Although the morphology (i.e., growth habit and fruit shape, size, color, and surface texture) of Indian bitter gourd is diverse and gynoecious sex forms exist, a comprehensive diversity assessment of ecotypes has not been performed. Therefore, the genetic relatedness of 38 Indian cultigens (commercial varieties and cultivated landraces originating from different agroecological zones) was determined by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. Six primer combinations yielded a total of 519 bands of which 404 (77.8%) were polymorphic among the cultigens examined. Unweighted pair group cluster analyses were performed using Jaccard's genetic similarities to define genetic relationships among cultigens. Genetic similarities among cultigens ranged between 0.44 and 0.88, indicating that the bitter gourd cultigens examined were genetically diverse. Moreover, putative AFLP loci defined genetic relationships that allowed for partitioning of cultigens into two distinct groups [Group 1 and Group II (node 1); bootstrap = 100%] after cluster analysis. With rare exception, cultigens were grouped with respect to geographical region, in which cultigens within a group and subgroups possessed high degrees of genetic similarity. The relatively high marker indices (6.2 to 19.4), polymorphic information content of the markers used (0.20 to 0.25), and multiplex ratios (28.9 to 77.4) collectively indicate that the AFLP markers used are discriminatory in bitter gourd and that the analysis of the broad-based cultigens described provides valuable baseline information for advancing initial breeding strategies for this crop species.