Saccharomyces cerevisiae was incubated in aerosol cans containing YM broth and dichlorofluoromethane (f-21). The presence and number of viable cells were determined by inoculating (1% vol/vol) YM broth and by the plate count procedure (YM agar). Inactivation of the yeast was greater or more rapid when: (i) the thermodynamic activity (saturation value) of f-21 became greater through increasing the concentration of chemical from 0.5 to 1.5% (wt/wt) in a given volume (20, 40, or 80 ml) of broth, or by holding the concentration of chemical constant but increasing the volume of broth in the test vessel, (ii) the temperature of treatment was increased (7, 22, 37, and 47 C), (iii) samples with 1.5% (wt/wt) f-21 were agitated, (iv) young (8 h) rather than old (36 h or 10 days) cells were treated, and (v) cells were grown in YM broth without, rather than with, glucose. Adjusting the pH (6.3 to 4.0) of broth before treatment, pretreating the substrate with f-21, or distilling the chemical before use had no effect on viability of cells when treated with f-21. Yeast cells inactivated by f-21, chlorine, or heat were more resistant to disruption by sonic treatment than were viable cells.

Aim: To assess feasibility, safety and long-term outcome of a water-soluble contrast agent (Gastrografin™) in surgical neonates/infants who present with ABSO. Method: 18 Neonates, who continued to exhibits signs of intestinal obstruction after one week post surgery, were given 1-2 mls/kg of oral Gastrografin for 5-8 days. Result: All but one patient could be fed within 12 hours and discharged home soon afterwards. A single patient retuned 6 months later with ABSO and was similarly treated again. There was no mobility or mortality due to this technique. Main Conclusion: Gastrografin contrast give orally can result in relief of ABSO, as similarly described in adult and older children.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae was incubated in aerosol cans containing YM broth and dichlorofluoromethane (f-21). The presence and number of viable cells were determined by inoculating (1% vol/vol) YM broth and by the plate count procedure (YM agar). Inactivation of the yeast was greater or more rapid when: (i) the thermodynamic activity (saturation value) of f-21 became greater through increasing the concentration of chemical from 0.5 to 1.5% (wt/wt) in a given volume (20, 40, or 80 ml) of broth, or by holding the concentration of chemical constant but increasing the volume of broth in the test vessel, (ii) the temperature of treatment was increased (7, 22, 37, and 47 C), (iii) samples with 1.5% (wt/wt) f-21 were agitated, (iv) young (8 h) rather than old (36 h or 10 days) cells were treated, and (v) cells were grown in YM broth without, rather than with, glucose. Adjusting the pH (6.3 to 4.0) of broth before treatment, pretreating the substrate with f-21, or distilling the chemical before use had no effect on viability of cells when treated with f-21. Yeast cells inactivated by f-21, chlorine, or heat were more resistant to disruption by sonic treatment than were viable cells.