Abstract-Neighbourhood topologies in particle swarm optimization (PSO) are typically random in terms of the spatial positions of connected neighbours. This study explores the use of spatially meaningful neighbours for PSO. An approach is designed which uses heuristics to leverage the natural neighbours computed with Delaunay triangulation. The approach is compared to standard PSO sociometries and fitness distance ratio approaches. Although intrinsic properties of Delaunay triangulation limit the practical application of this approach to low dimensions results show that it is a successful particle swarm optimizer.

Biopsy of the central skull base and neck can be an intimidating procedure. However, the principles of biopsy in this region are similar to techniques used in all other areas of the body. The key to a successful biopsy is knowledge of the skull base and cervical anatomy, knowledge of your patient and familiarity with a limited number of biopsy tools.